Carte Europe 2023 Michelin

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As a result, the attachment differential between country and EU is substantially lower for economic elites (−27. The answers of political elites indicate, first, that there is a large acceptance of the idea of the EU as a necessary instrument for economic re-equilibration among European countries (aid to regions).

The institutions we consider here are the European Commission and the European Parliament, but we will also enquire about the role of member states, which play a crucial part in the decision-making process of the Union through the participation of national governments in the European Council and the Council of Ministers. Protocol 25 of the Maastricht treaty cleared the UK and Denmark from the chapters related to the Economic and Monetary Union, exempting them from using the euro currency.Economic elites—not surprisingly—are particularly keen on the role of Europe in ensuring a more competitive economy and much less interested in its promotion of social protection. This leads to the question of how ready they are to accept a redistribution of policy roles between the two levels.

In these cases, European institutions, either alone or in conjunction with national ones, can be seen by a large majority as a solution; we should not forget, however, the existence of a not irrelevant minority, which also defends the role of the state or of regional authorities in these areas. Among them, ‘entry of Turkey’, ‘interference from Russia’, ‘immigration’, and ‘effects of globalization on welfare systems’ were important for a significant number of politicians. Every USE-IT publishes a Map for Young Travellers that will guide you through the city in a no-nonsense way. The maps in the Map Collections materials were either published prior to 1922, produced by the United States government, or both (see catalogue records that accompany each map for information regarding date of publication and source). A concept referring to a more flexible EU than the present construction, in which Member States may pick and choose the laws and policies that suit them.A complement perhaps that does not warm the heart as much as attachment to one’s country, but which does not create strong feelings of rejection either. When exploring the positions of national elites on this dimension we must distinguish between two main aspects: the evaluation of the process of integration and the interpretation of its meaning. However, when it comes to what has been the main playing ground for internal politics of the past decade, i. The views of national politicians are evenly split among those assigning to the EU the role of promoting a more competitive economy and those who expect better social protection (Table 2.