How Britain Ends: English Nationalism and the Rebirth of Four Nations

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From before Roman times, slavery was prevalent in Britain, with indigenous Britons being routinely exported. [18] [19] Following the Roman conquest of Britain, slavery was expanded and industrialised. [20] Sussman, Charlotte. Consuming Anxieties: Consumer Protest, Gender & British Slavery, 1713-1833 (Stanford University Press, 2000). When incensed English swing voters – not only susceptible Ukip supporters, but also otherwise middle-of-the-road Lib Dems – envisaged a scenario in which the SNP imposed a Labour government on the UK for which England hadn’t voted, they expressed a willingness to lend their votes to the Conservatives. The chief Tory strategist Lynton Crosby had hit upon a recipe for success. Instead of the hung parliament the polls had predicted, the Tories won outright, and Cameron was unexpectedly compelled to make good on his promise of a Brexit referendum. Historians and economists have debated the economic effects of slavery for Great Britain and the North American colonies. Some analysts, such as Eric Williams, suggest that it allowed the formation of capital that financed the Industrial Revolution, [78] although the evidence is inconclusive. Slave labour was integral to early settlement of the colonies, which needed more people for labour and other work. Also, slave labour produced the major consumer goods that were the basis of world trade during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries: coffee, cotton, rum, sugar, and tobacco. Slavery was far more important to the profitability of plantations and the economy in the American South; and the slave trade and associated businesses were important to both New York and New England. [79]

The abolition of the slave trade in Britain - The - BBC The abolition of the slave trade in Britain - The - BBC

He has some sensible suggestion on how we can avoid what is feeling inevitable at the moment, including repairing some of the damage done by Brexit, reforms and more devolution of power to the individual nations. It all seems sensible and rational stuff coming from a guy who has no political axe to grind too.

Legacies of transatlantic slavery

Additionally, economists Peter H. Lindert and Jeffrey G. Williamson, in a pair of articles published in 2012 and 2013, found that, despite the Southern United States initially having per capita income roughly double that of the Northern United States in 1774, incomes in the South had declined 27% by 1800 and continued to decline over the next four decades, while the economies in New England and the Mid-Atlantic states vastly expanded. By 1840, per capita income in the South was well behind the Northeast and the national average (Note: this is also true in the early 21st century). [84] [85] Reiterating an observation made by Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, [86] Thomas Sowell also notes that like in Brazil, the states where slavery in the United States was concentrated ended up poorer and less populous at the end of the slavery than the states that had abolished slavery in the United States. [80] Jones, Heather Rose (2001). "Cornish (and Other) Personal Names from the 10th Century Bodmin Manumissions" . Retrieved 18 May 2017. William Wilberforce was the key figure supporting the cause within Parliament. In 1806-07, with the abolition campaign gaining further momentum, he had a breakthrough. Other anti-slavery activists such as Hannah More and Granville Sharp were persuaded to join Wilberforce, which soon led to the foundation of the Anti-Slavery Society. Main articles: Arab slave trade and Barbary corsairs Five Englishmen escaping slavery from Algiers, Barbary Coast, 1684

The revolt of the English - New Statesman The revolt of the English - New Statesman

Agitation saw a series of judgments repulse the tide of slavery. In Smith v. Gould (1705–07) 2 Salk 666, John Holt stated that by "the common law no man can have a property in another". (See the "infidel rationale".) Hudson, Nicholas. " 'Britons Never Will be Slaves': National Myth, Conservatism, and the Beginnings of British Antislavery." Eighteenth-Century Studies 34.4 (2001): 559-576. onlineThis was never a book I was going to believe in because I have always thought that the idea breaking up Britain into separate mini-countries is absurd (Northern Ireland rejoining Ireland is another matter). I always describe myself as British, and only grudging refer to England as an actual place (apart from sports where we compete as home nations). The campaign to end slavery coincided with the uprisings of the French Revolution and the retaliation of enslaved communities in the British colonies. Revolution in Saint Domingue Clarkson and Wilberforce were two of the most prominent abolitionists, playing a vital role in the ultimate success of the campaign. The final third was just as intriguing as the first. The closing chapters are a real highlight, looking at where the UK could go with a good amount of realism and optimism. This was an era for enacting great social change, the Age of Reason, ushered in by the Enlightenment which brought together philosophies which catapulted social injustices to the forefront of people’s minds. Europe was experiencing great upheaval: the French Revolution had brought with it ideas of the equal rights of man and challenged the previously accepted social hierarchies.