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Wise, David (March 9, 2013). "Sex in Peoples Temple". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego, California: San Diego State University. Knoll, James (2017). "Mass Suicide & the Jonestown Tragedy: Literature Summary". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. US: San Diego State University.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. As members of Ryan's delegation boarded two planes at the Port Kaituma airstrip, Jonestown's Red Brigade of armed guards arrived and began shooting at them. [229] The gunmen killed Ryan and four others near a Guyana Airways Twin Otter aircraft. [230] At the same time, one of the supposed defectors, Larry Layton, drew a weapon and began firing on members of the party inside the other plane, a Cessna, which included Gosney and Bagby. [231] NBC cameraman Bob Brown was able to capture footage of the first few seconds of the shooting at the Otter, just before he himself was killed by the gunmen. [232] American Christian leaders denounced Jones as Satanic and asserted that he and his teachings were in no way connected to traditional Christianity. In an article entitled "On Satan and Jonestown", Billy Graham argued that it would be a mistake to identify Jones and his cult as Christian. [260] Graham was joined by other prominent Christian leaders in alleging that Jones was demonically possessed. [261] a b c d e f Smith, Gary (December 24, 2007). "Escape From Jonestown". Sports Illustrated on CNN.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012 . Retrieved November 12, 2012. Collins, John. "Jim Jones and the Postwar Healing Revival". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University . Retrieved February 23, 2016.Kool Aid/Flavor Aid: Inaccuracies vs. Facts Part 7". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13 . Retrieved 2020-07-13. Collins 2017, pp.177–179, "Sharing the pulpit with Rev. Jim Jones of Peoples Temple, where [Branham] "prophesied" God's "blessing" on Jones' ministry...". Jones left James to oversee Jonestown while he returned to the United States to continue his efforts to combat the negative press. He was largely unsuccessful and more stories of abuse in Peoples Temple were leaked to the public. In March 1977, Marshall Kilduff published a story in New West magazine exposing abuses at the Peoples Temple. The article included allegations by Temple defectors of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. [149] [170] [171] Drinking the Kool-Aid" is an expression used to refer to a person who believes in a possibly doomed or dangerous idea because of perceived potential high rewards. The phrase typically carries a negative connotation. It can also be used ironically or humorously to refer to accepting an idea or changing a preference due to popularity, peer pressure, or persuasion. In recent years, it has evolved further to mean extreme dedication to a cause or purpose, so extreme that one would "drink the Kool-Aid" and die for the cause.

November 18 1978 Letter from Marceline Jone" (PDF). Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University . Retrieved March 15, 2022. Jones frequently warned his followers of an imminent apocalyptic nuclear race war. He claimed that Nazis and white supremacists would put people of color into concentration camps. Jones said he was a messiah sent to save people. [75] [127] He taught his followers the only way to escape the supposed imminent catastrophe was to accept his teachings, and that after the apocalypse was over, they would emerge to establish a perfect communist society. [75] [127] According to academic Rebecca Moore, early analogies to Jonestown and Kool-Aid were based around death and suicide, not blind obedience. [16] The earliest such example she found, via a Lexis-Nexis search, was a 1982 statement from Lane Kirkland, then head of the AFL–CIO, which described Ronald Reagan's policies as "Jonestown economics," which "administers Kool-Aid to the poor, the deprived and the unemployed." [17] Jonestown Autopsies: Carolyn Moore Layton" (PDF). April 18, 1979. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016 . Retrieved September 9, 2015. Grape Kool-Aid is a powdered drink mix that comes in various flavors, including Grape. It's made with sugar, citric acid for tartness, natural or artificial flavors for taste and aroma, along with food coloring to give the beverage its characteristic purple color.

Since the Jonestown Massacre, a massive amount of literature and study has been produced on the subject. [265] Numerous documentaries, films, books, poetry, music, and art have covered or been inspired by the events of Jonestown. [266] Jim Jones and the events at Jonestown had a defining influence on society's perception of cults. [267] The widely known expression " Drinking the Kool-Aid" developed after the events at Jonestown, although the specific beverage used at the massacre was Flavor Aid. [268] See also [ edit ] Jones taught that "those who remained drugged with the opiate of religion had to be brought to enlightenment", which he defined as socialism. [121] Jones asserted that traditional Christianity had an incorrect view of God. By the early 1970s, Jones began deriding traditional Christianity as "fly away religion", rejecting the Bible as being a tool to oppress women and non-whites. [122] Jones referred to traditional Christianity's view of God as a " Sky God" who was "no God at all". [122] Instead, Jones claimed to be God, and no God beside him. [123] The scent trail created by the contents can last anywhere between hours depending on how much has been spilled creating an interesting feeding lane for animals looking for sweet smelling foods especially during their mating season when their appetites require more energy therefore food becomes scarcer attracting them even more strongly than usual. Conclusion a b Collins, John; Duyzer, Peter (October 31, 2015). "The Message Connection of Jim Jones and William Branham". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University . Retrieved September 24, 2021.

Reiterman, Tom; Jacobs, John (1982). Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. E. P. Dutton. ISBN 978-0-525-24136-2. With that reasoning, Jones and several members argued the group should commit "revolutionary suicide". [234] [a] Jones recorded the entire death ritual on audio tape. One Temple member, Christine Miller, dissented toward the beginning of the tape. [233] Cries and screams of children and adults were also easily heard on the tape recording made. [233] The Temple had received monthly half-pound shipments of cyanide since 1976 after Jones obtained a jeweler's license to buy the chemical, purportedly to clean gold. [235] In May 1978, a Temple doctor wrote a memo to Jones asking permission to test cyanide on Jonestown's pigs, as their metabolism was close to that of human beings. [236] [237] A drink mixture of Flavor Aid and cyanide was handed out to the members of the community to drink. Those who refused to drink were injected with cyanide via syringe. [238] The crowd was also surrounded by armed guards, offering members the basic dilemma of death by poison or death by a guard's hand.Methyl anthranilate acts as a bird repellent. It is food-grade and can be used to protect corn, sunflowers, rice, fruit, and golf courses. [ citation needed] Dimethyl anthranilate (DMA) has a similar effect. It is also used for part of the flavor of grape Kool-Aid. It is used for flavoring of candy, soft drinks (e.g. grape soda), fruit (e.g. Grāpples), chewing gum, and nicotine products. [5] This recipe is so simple, it only uses 2 ingredients! If you don’t already have them, you can grab them at any grocery store. Explaining the nature of sin, Jones stated, "If you're born in capitalist America, racist America, fascist America, then you're born in sin. But if you're born in socialism, you're not born in sin." [126] Drawing on a prophecy in the Book of Revelation, he taught that American capitalist culture was irredeemable " Babylon". [75] [127] Another Day of Death". Time. December 11, 1978. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008 . Retrieved June 30, 2008. Jim Jon (Kimo) Prokes". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.

Find sources: "Flavor Aid"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( March 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Funny Face television advertisement, showing soon-discontinued Injun Orange and Chinese Cherry on YouTubeAl Thomkins (2003-11-13). " Al's Morning Meeting, "Thursday Edition: Clearing Kool-Aid's Name" ". The Poynter Institute. Archived from the original on 4 December 2003 . Retrieved 2009-08-27. Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 42". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.