The Art of C. G. Jung

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Each of these cognitive functions can be expressed primarily in an introverted or extroverted form. Let’s delve deeper: In the context of the medieval period, British writer Geoffrey Chaucer's work The Canterbury Tales has been cited as an instance of the prominent use of Jungian archetypes. The Wife of Bath's Tale in particular within the larger collection of stories features an exploration of the bad mother and good mother concepts. The given tale's plot additionally contains broader Jungian themes around the practice of magic, the use of riddles, and the nature of radical transformation. [62] The collective unconscious consists of pre-existent forms, or archetypes, which can surface in consciousness in the form of dreams, visions, or feelings, and are expressed in our culture, art, religion, and symbolic experiences. This process is key to the overall psychological development and mental health of an individual, and the libido, as the motivating psychic energy, plays a central role in it. Jung’s (1947, 1948) ideas have not been as popular as Freud’s. This might be because he did not write for the layman and as such his ideas were not a greatly disseminated as Freud’s. It may also be because his ideas were a little more mystical and obscure, and less clearly explained.

Jung, Emma; Franz, Marie-Luise von (1998). The Grail Legend. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p.36. ISBN 0-691-00237-1. Instead, he saw them as parts of a holistic psychological spectrum present in every individual, opposing Freud’s predominantly masculine-centric theory. Word association: In word association exercises, a Jungian therapist will say specific words and record how long it takes the patient to respond with the first thing that comes to mind. The therapist might run through the list a second or third time, noting changes in responses and response times. Changes in responses between the tests, or anomalies in the time it takes for the patient to respond, are believed to be instructive in indicating areas about which the patient feels distress. Jung identified various archetypes in human psychology. These include events such as birth, death, and marriage; figures such as the mother, father, and child; and motifs such as the apocalypse and the deluge. [28] Although the number of archetypes is limitless, [29] there are a few particularly notable, recurring archetypal images, "the chief among them being" (according to Jung) "the shadow, the wise old man, the child, the mother ... and her counterpart, the maiden, and lastly the anima in man and the animus in woman". [30] [31] Alternatively he would speak of "the emergence of certain definite archetypes ... the shadow, the animal, the wise old man, the anima, the animus, the mother, the child". [32] The persona, anima and animus, the shadow, and the self are four of the archetypes that fall under the separate systems of the personality. [33]a b Higgins, Gareth (2013). Cinematic States: Stories We Tell, the American Dreamlife, and How to Understand Everything*. Conundrum Press. ISBN 9781938633348. Jung didn’t follow this model and instead proposed a lifelong process of psychological development, which he termed individuation. Dream Analysis

According to Jung, archetypes are innate patterns of thought and behavior that strive for realization within an individual's environment. This process of actualization influences the degree of individuation, or the development of the individual's unique identity. For instance, the presence of a maternal figure who closely matches the child's idealized concept of a mother can evoke innate expectations and activate the mother archetype in the child's mind. This archetype is incorporated into the child's personal unconscious as a "mother complex," which is a functional unit of the personal unconscious that is analogous to an archetype in the collective unconscious. It’s important to note that the contents of the personal unconscious are not always negative. They can also be positive or neutral aspects of experience that have simply fallen out of conscious awareness. Collective Unconscious Shamdasani, Sonu; Sonu, Shamdasani (2003). Jung and the Making of Modern Psychology: The Dream of a Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.309. ISBN 0-521-53909-9. Henry (1977) alluded to Maclean's model of the tripartite brain suggesting that the reptilian brain is an older part of the brain and may contain not only drives but archetypal structures as well. The suggestion is that there was a time when emotional behaviour and cognition were less developed and the older brain predominated. There is an obvious parallel with Jung's idea of the archetypes 'crystallising out' over time. [5] Literary criticism [ edit ] Art or dance therapies: Jungian analysts believe that painting, drawing, and dancing are conduits through which the unconscious mind can express itself and that the exercises themselves may help repair the areas of a patient’s ailments that come through their art-making.

Benefits of Jungian Psychology

Jung's concept of archetypes was influenced by the theories of Immanuel Kant, Plato, and Arthur Schopenhauer. [5] Jung's idea of archetypes differs from Plato's concept of Ideas in that they are dynamic and constantly seeking expression in an individual's personality and behavior. He believed that these archetypes are activated and given form in the encounter with empirical experiences. [5] When the International Psychoanalytical Association was formed in 1910, Jung became president at the request of Freud.

a b Hillman, James (2013). The Essential James Hillman: A Blue Fire. Hove: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-79961-0. OCLC 862611224.For Jung, our primitive past becomes the basis of the human psyche, directing and influencing present behavior. Jung claimed to identify a large number of archetypes but paid special attention to four. Hillman, James (1992). Re-visioning psychology. HarperPerennial. ISBN 0-06-090563-8. OCLC 999588737. They are practical and literal thinkers. ‘Intuitive’ individuals focus on possibilities, interconnections, and future potential. They are often abstract and theoretical thinkers. Brown, Eric D. (1978). "Symbols of Transformation: A Specific Archetypal Examination of the 'Wife of Bath's Tale' ". The Chaucer Review. 12 (4): 202–217. JSTOR 25093434.