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FSKs have held a wide variety of jobs, including sex worker, drug dealer, psychic, food server, farmer, and Sunday school (religious) teacher. However, an alarming number of serial killers (39%) have worked in health-related positions (e.g., nurses and nurse’s aides). In addition, more than one out of five has held another direct caregiver role (e.g., stay-at-home mother, stay-at-home wife, babysitter). That means that most (more than 60%) of FSKs were in charge of others’ well-being, particularly of those who are vulnerable. Filipowska, J.; Tomaszewski, K.A.; Niedźwiedzki, Ł.; Walocha, J.A.; Niedźwiedzki, T. The role of vasculature in bone development, regeneration and proper systemic functioning. Angiogenesis 2017, 20, 291–302. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] She also killed friends and business acquaintances along the way. An investigator was quoted as saying, “If all of the suspicions involving the operations of Jane Toppan could be substantiated . . . the succession of murders will cover a wider range and be more astounding than any series of crimes perpetuated by one person in many years.” 48 Toppan ultimately confessed to killing 31 people between 1885 and 1901, but the authorities estimated that she had killed many more. She later stated, “It would be safe to say that I killed at least 100 persons.” 49 Toppan appears to have fulfilled her ambition to become one of the most prolific murderers on record. Wu, M. et al. c-Kit triggers dual phosphorylations, which couple activation and degradation of the essential melanocyte factor Mi. Genes Dev. 14, 301–312 (2000).
Lim, S.Y.; Bolster, M.B. Profile of romosozumab and its potential in the management of osteoporosis. Drug. Des. Devel Ther. 2017, 11, 1221–1231. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed][ Green Version] Gao, X.; Zhao, J.; Han, G.; Zhang, Y.; Dong, X.; Cao, L.; Wang, Q.; Moulton, H.M.; Yin, H. Effective dystrophin restoration by a novel muscle-homing peptide-morpholino conjugate in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Mol. Ther. 2014, 22, 1333–1341. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] In addition to identifying key information about FSKs’ ages at the time of their first murders, our study found that their average age when they were caught was about 39.25 (SD = 12.3). FSKs committed crimes, on average, over a 7.25-year span, but with noted variability (SD = 8 years). Some FSKs committed all their acts of murder in the same year, and at least one killed for over three decades before she was caught. 37 Blenis, J., Chung, J., Erikson, E., Alcorta, D. A. & Erikson, R. L. Distinct mechanisms for the activation of the RSK kinases/MAP2 kinase/pp90rsk and pp70–S6 kinase signaling systems are indicated by inhibition of protein synthesis. Cell Growth Differ. 2, 279–285 (1991). Jones, S. W., Erikson, E., Blenis, J., Maller, J. L. & Erikson, R. L. A Xenopus ribosomal protein S6 kinase has two apparent kinase domains that are each similar to distinct protein kinases. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85, 3377–3381 (1988). Reported the compound nature of the kinase RSK for the first time and showed that RSK contains two apparent kinase domains, each similar to distinct protein kinases. It also reported that RSK has homology to other members of the AGC family of protein kinases.A superfamily of protein kinases that comprises a number of enzymes that have a high degree of primary sequence conservation in their respective kinase domains. The group includes RSK, S6K, AKT/PKB, MSK, SGK and PRK. These kinases phosphorylate many cellular proteins and thereby regulate cellular division, survival, metabolism, migration/invasion and differentiation. A-kinase anchor proteins Pradal, J.; Maudens, P.; Gabay, C.; Seemayer, C.A.; Jordan, O.; Allémann, E. Effect of particle size on the biodistribution of nano- and microparticles following intra-articular injection in mice. Int. J. Pharm. 2016, 498, 119–129. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Wang, X. et al. Regulation of elongation factor 2 kinase by p90 RSK1 and p70 S6 kinase. EMBO J. 20, 4370–4379 (2001). There are 3.8 million nurses in the U.S. (the largest healthcare profession) covering our customers in even the most rural locations ( American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)) Unfortunately, this is not as simple as a one size fits all program. Prevention programs must be customized to the actively level and mobility health of the individual taking into consideration their specific risk factors at work, home, and extra curricular. We have witnessed many (well-intended) stretching programs lead to injuries if not purposefully designed and moderated. Unfortunately, the wellness industry is saturated with these types of one size fits all programs with lofty claims of preventing injuries.
Zaru, R., Ronkina, N., Gaestel, M., Arthur, J. S. & Watts, C. The MAPK-activated kinase Rsk controls an acute Toll-like receptor signaling response in dendritic cells and is activated through two distinct pathways. Nature Immunol. 8, 1227–1235 (2007). Demonstrated that Toll-like receptor-dependent activation of RSK is activated not only by ERK but also by p38 through the intermediates MK2 and MK3. Evrova, O.; Houska, J.; Welti, M.; Bonavoglia, E.; Calcagni, M.; Giovanoli, P.; Vogel, V.; Buschmann, J. Bioactive, Elastic, and Biodegradable Emulsion Electrospun DegraPol Tube Delivering PDGF-BB for Tendon Rupture Repair. Macromol. Biosci. 2016, 16, 1048–1063. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] Yuan, Q.-L.; Zhang, Y.-G.; Chen, Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Therapeutics as MSC Trophic Mediators in Regenerative Medicine. Anat. Rec. 2020, 303, 1735–1742. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed]Recent studies have expanded the repertoire of biological functions that are linked to the RSK family of protein kinases, ranging from the regulation of transcription, translation and protein stability to the control of cell survival, cell motility, cell growth and proliferation. Dumont, J., Umbhauer, M., Rassinier, P., Hanauer, A. & Verlhac, M. H. p90Rsk is not involved in cytostatic factor arrest in mouse oocytes. J. Cell Biol. 169, 227–231 (2005). Digital Solutions in MSK care are not new; however, have seen a great insurgence in market share due to the COVID-19 pandemic Grim, C.; Hotfiel, T.; Engelhardt, M.; Plewinski, S.; Spahl, O.; Wolfarth, B. [Sports Injuries and Illnesses of the German National Team during the 2016 Olympic Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro]. Sportverletz. Sportschaden 2017, 31, 25–30. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] Congruent with the data from our study, “Jolly” Jane Toppan was White, had a pleasant appearance, had at least some postsecondary education and training, and was a nurse and caretaker. We might further surmise, but cannot verify, that her Boston Irish heritage included Christianity, as most Irish immigrants to Boston in the 1800s were Roman Catholic. 69 Like the typical FSK from our dataset, she likely began killing in her 20s or 30s, but seems to have gotten away with it for about 15 years – longer than our reported mean, but still within about one standard deviation of it. Like many other FSKs, which I discuss in Chapter 4, Toppan had strong indications of severe mental illness.
What are the key elements of a well-designed MSK program starting with a prevention focus?: 1. Assessment is the keystone to success of an MSK wellness program.Nishiyama, T., Ohsumi, K. & Kishimoto, T. Phosphorylation of Erp1 by p90rsk is required for cytostatic factor arrest in Xenopus laevis eggs. Nature 446, 1096–1099 (2007). Frodin, M. & Gammeltoft, S. Role and regulation of 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) in signal transduction. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 151, 65–77 (1999).
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