Ebonis Vita Ottonis Episcopi Bambergensis (Classic Reprint)

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Stepanova E. V., Strube M. J. (2012b). What’s in a face? The role of skin tone, facial physiognomy, and color presentation mode of facial primes in affective priming effects. J. Soc. Psychol. 152 Warnes G. R., Bolker B., Lumley T., Johnson R. C. (2018). gmodels: various R Programming Tools for Model Fitting. Morales A. C., Scott M. L., Yorkston E. A. (2012). The role of accent standardness in message preference and recall. J. Advert. 41

I grew up in the poorest section of the poorest section of Georgetown, Guyana, the nation’s capital. I grew up speaking what is called conservative Guyanese creole, a stigmatized language variety that was and is considered broken English by most Guyanese and which was not what the teachers wanted when I went to school. Guyana was a former British colony, and English was the official language, and so kids in school weren’t allowed to speak Creole, or what we call Creolese. It was banned. So, of course, it was very difficult for people like me to succeed in school and elsewhere in the society that required English. But some of us did, and managed to learn standard English enough to pass exams and to get scholarships to go to college. Ain’t nobody got time for double negatives…said no grammar pedant ever. To a prescriptivist, using double negatives for actually emphasizing more negation is just the worst. If I’m not saying nothing, obviously I must be saying something. As the assumption goes, because two negatives must logically cancel each other out, people who use double negatives in this way must also logically be uneducated or unintelligent. This, of course, is a false belief that is still widely shared in mainstream American culture (possibly even among speakers who regularly use double negation themselves). To explore how perceived speech stereotypicality influences face selections, we first ran a mixed effects logistic regression on participants’ chosen faces (Low or High Phenotypicality). The initial model included voices (Low or High Stereotypicality) as a fixed effect and participants and the individual face pairs entered as random intercepts. We also ran a mixed effects regression on choice confidence with the same fixed and random effects to see if speech stereotypicality had any undue influence on participants’ confidence in their face selections.Delpit, L. (1995). Other people’s children: Cultural conflict in the classroom. New York: The New Press. KOJII Languages is designed to spread the linguistic and cultural facets of less known languages across the world. Founded in 2019 by Joshua Conrad-Tanakh and his company JCSURGE, KOJII Languages aims to provide a comprehensive digest program for as many lesser-known languages as possible by providing a unique approach to teaching known as ‘infotainment’ in a semi-formal and informal tone. Please consider sharing our articles, and following us on social media. International Dialects of English Archive [IDEA] (2011). International Dialects of English Archive. Available online at: https://www.dialectsarchive.com

Ebonics remained a little-known term until 1996. It does not appear in the 1989 second edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, nor was it adopted by linguists. [14] Guy G. R., Cutler C. (2011). Speech style and authenticity: quantitative evidence for the performance of identity. Lang. Variat. Change 23 These distinctive Ebonics pronunciations are all systematic, the result of regular rules and restrictions; they are not random 'error'--and this is equally true of Ebonics grammar. For instance, Ebonics speakers regularly produce sentences without present tense is and are, as in "John trippin" or "They allright". But they don't omit present tense am. Instead of the ungrammatical *"Ah walkin", Ebonics speakers would say *"Ahm walkin." Likewise, they do not omit is and are if they come at the end of a sentence--"That's what he/they" is ungrammatical. Many members of the public seem to have heard, too, that Ebonics speakers use an 'invariant' be in their speech (as in "They be goin to school every day"); however, this be is not simply equivalent to is or are. Invariant be refers to actions that occur regularly or habitually rather than on just one occasion. What do people think of Ebonics?I don’t even want to say it was mixed,” says William Brennan about what he saw in his reporting for The Atlantic. “For every good article on the subject there were just 10 that were useless and furthered misunderstandings about the topic and language in general.” Stöber J., Dette D. E., Musch J. (2002). Comparing continuous and dichotomous scoring of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding. J. Pers. Assess. 78 Cantone J. A., Martinez L. N., Willis-Esqueda C., Miller T. (2019). Sounding guilty: how accent bias affects juror judgments of culpability. J. Ethn. Crim. Justice 17 Rakiæ T., Steffens M. C., Mummendey A. (2011a). Blinded by the accent! The minor role of looks in ethnic categorization. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 100

One school board, in one city, passed one little resolution,” writes Michael Hobbes in a 2017 HuffPost Highline piece revisiting what happened. “And the rest of the country spent the next six months freaking out about it.” The story is not merely a historical concern. To help meet their needs, a handful of districts and schools have quietly returned to the idea of using students’ home dialects to help them learn standard English. Written by David J. Ramirez and edited by several others, this book is a must-have for serious learners of AAVE. This book covers not only what AAVE is but also what it isn’t. The book is primarily aimed at answering major educational issues such as the legitamecy of AAVE’s use in the standard classroom. This book is not recommended for those who want a simple overview of the linguistics, but for those who are serious about learning not only about the language structure but the controversy in public education surrounding the dialect. Botinis A. (St. Petersburg: International Speech Communication Association; ). 10.36505/ExLing-2016/07/0036/000295 [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] AAVE’s linguistic classification is still debated among academics, with some who argue that its proximity to standard English renders it a dialect of English, not a language. Critics of such a classification point out the social implications of subordinating AAVE in such a manner, citing AAVE’s unique grammatical structure and lexicon as justification for identifying it as a stand-alone language. Some also challenge standard English’s stringency and pervasiveness. Regardless of AAVE’s status, correcting or dismissing someone’s way of communicating is inherently discriminatory.Shamina E. (2016). “ An experimental study of English accent perception” in Proceedings of 7th Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics, ed. While many thought it was an effort to secure federal bilingual education funding, the claim was an unintentional error on the board’s part, according to some of those involved at the time. “They weren’t linguists,” according to Darolyn Davis, who handled crisis communications for the district during that period. “They didn’t use the word ‘language’ from a linguistic point of view.” Mulac A., Rudd M. J. (1977). Effects of selected American regional dialects upon regional audience members. Commun. Monogr. 44 Schüppert A., Hilton N. H., Gooskens C. (2015). Swedish is beautiful, Danish is ugly? Investigating the link between language attitudes and spoken word recognition. Linguistics 53 The equivalent, Tolliver-Weddington (1979); the antonym, Smith (1992) and Smith (1998); both as summarized in Baugh's words.

Cargile A. C., Bradac J. J. (2001). Attitudes toward language: a review of speaker-evaluation research and a general process model. Ann. Int. Commun. Assoc. 25 Rakiæ T., Steffens M. C., Mummendey A. (2011b). When it matters how you pronounce it: the influence of regional accents on job interview outcome. Br. J. Psychol. 102 Lecci L., Myers B. (2008). Individual differences in attitudes relevant to juror decision making: development and validation of the Pretrial Juror Attitude Questionnaire (PJAQ). J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 38 Kushins E. R. (2014). Sounding like your race in the employment process: an experiment on speaker voice, race identification, and stereotyping. Race Soc. Problems 6

Tense: The is in he is dreaming is an example of present tense. It tells you that something is happening in the present. In the case of he was dreaming, the was tells you that something happened in the past. When the verb to be is used in this way (“is, was, are, were,” etc.) we call it the copula.