Caffeine Bullet Energy Gel Upgrade - Mint Chews *16 – Faster Boost Than Gels, Tablets and Gum. 100mg Caffeine - Sport Science for Running, Cycling, Gaming & Pre Workout Endurance Kick.

Product Information

Mathew OP (May 2011). "Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies". Journal of Perinatology. 31 (5): 302–10. doi: 10.1038/jp.2010.126. PMID 21127467.

Hrnčiarove J, Barteček R (2017). "8. Substance Dependence". In Hosák L, Hrdlička M, etal. (eds.). Psychiatry and Pedopsychiatry. Prague: Karolinum Press. pp.153–154. ISBN 9788024633787. At a high dose, caffeine shows a euphoric effect. Tablets offer several advantages over coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages, including convenience, known dosage, and avoidance of concomitant intake of sugar, acids, and fluids. A use of caffeine in this form is said to improve mental alertness. [238] These tablets are commonly used by students studying for their exams and by people who work or drive for long hours. [239] Other oral products Bishop D (December 2010). "Dietary supplements and team-sport performance". Sports Medicine. 40 (12): 995–1017. doi: 10.2165/11536870-000000000-00000. PMID 21058748. S2CID 1884713.Carreon CC, Parsh B (April 2019). "How to recognize caffeine overdose". Nursing (Clinical tutorial). 49 (4): 52–55. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000553278.11096.86. PMID 30893206. S2CID 84842436.

Consumption of caffeine after abdominal surgery shortens the time to recovery of normal bowel function and shortens length of hospital stay. [48] Grimes LM, Kennedy AE, Labaton RS, Hine JF, Warzak WJ (2015). "Caffeine as an Independent Variable in Behavioral Research: Trends from the Literature Specific to ADHD". Journal of Caffeine Research. 5 (3): 95–104. doi: 10.1089/jcr.2014.0032. Caffeine also causes the release of dopamine in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens core (a substructure within the ventral striatum), but not the nucleus accumbens shell, by antagonizing A 1 receptors in the axon terminal of dopamine neurons and A 1– A 2A heterodimers (a receptor complex composed of 1 adenosine A 1 receptor and 1 adenosine A 2A receptor) in the axon terminal of glutamate neurons. [169] [164] During chronic caffeine use, caffeine-induced dopamine release within the nucleus accumbens core is markedly reduced due to drug tolerance. [169] [164] Enzyme targets Maughan RJ, Griffin J (December 2003). "Caffeine ingestion and fluid balance: a review" (PDF). Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 16 (6): 411–20. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-277X.2003.00477.x. PMID 19774754. S2CID 41617469. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2019.a b Temple JL (January 2019). "Review: Trends, Safety, and Recommendations for Caffeine Use in Children and Adolescents". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Review). 58 (1): 36–45. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.030. PMID 30577937.

a b Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, Brorby GP, Britt J, Myers E, etal. (November 2017). "Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children". Food and Chemical Toxicology (Systematic review). 109 (Pt 1): 585–648. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.002. PMID 28438661. Collado-Mateo D, Lavín-Pérez AM, Merellano-Navarro E, Coso JD (November 2020). "Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on the Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Nutrients. 12 (12): 3603. doi: 10.3390/nu12123603. PMC 7760526. PMID 33255240. Coffee and the Liver". British Liver Trust. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023 . Retrieved 12 May 2023. a b Schneider MB, Benjamin HJ, etal. (Committee on Nutrition and the Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness) (June 2011). "Sports drinks and energy drinks for children and adolescents: are they appropriate?". Pediatrics. 127 (6): 1182–1189. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0965. PMID 21624882. Desk reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 978-0-89042-556-5. OCLC 825047464. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help)Chen LW, Wu Y, Neelakantan N, Chong MF, Pan A, van Dam RM (September 2014). "Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with risk of low birth weight: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis". BMC Medicine. 12 (1): 174. doi: 10.1186/s12916-014-0174-6. PMC 4198801. PMID 25238871.

Koot P, Deurenberg P (1995). "Comparison of changes in energy expenditure and body temperatures after caffeine consumption". Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism. 39 (3): 135–42. doi: 10.1159/000177854. PMID 7486839. This is more likely to cause side effects, as a full key down/key up is generated. It's included for compatibility with older systems which might need this Caffeine in the diet". MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine. 30 April 2013. Archived from the original on 5 January 2015 . Retrieved 2 January 2015. Smoking tobacco increases caffeine clearance by 56%. [156] Cigarette smoking induces the cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme that breaks down caffeine, which may lead to increased caffeine tolerance and coffee consumption for regular smokers. [157] Birth control The biosynthesis of caffeine is an example of convergent evolution among different species. [202] [203] [204]Some textbooks state that caffeine is a mild euphoriant, [104] [105] [106] while others state that it is not a euphoriant. [107] [108] Panza F, Solfrizzi V, Barulli MR, Bonfiglio C, Guerra V, Osella A, etal. (March 2015). "Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and prevention of late-life cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review". The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. 19 (3): 313–28. doi: 10.1007/s12603-014-0563-8. hdl: 11586/145493. PMID 25732217. S2CID 8376733. Robiquet was one of the first to isolate and describe the properties of pure caffeine, [262] whereas Pelletier was the first to perform an elemental analysis. [263] Caffeine does not appear to be a reinforcing stimulus, and some degree of aversion may actually occur, with people preferring placebo over caffeine in a study on drug abuse liability published in an NIDA research monograph. [114] Some state that research does not provide support for an underlying biochemical mechanism for caffeine addiction. [2] [115] [116] [117] Other research states it can affect the reward system. [118]