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Coalescing plate separators and a modern-day solution to an age-old problem. For centuries, humanity has known that oil and water do not mix – at least not very well. However, what ancient man did not realize is that oil and water will mix under certain conditions and emulsions will form that can be very difficult to separate. 19th Century Monroe Environmental API Separators Manufacturer, drawings, photographs, diagrams, case studies, and descriptions. SPE. 2020. Savvy Separator Educational Video Series. SPE Online Separator Training Course, https://webevents.spe.org/products/savvy-separator-educational-video-series#tab-product_tab_overview.
to indicate the effect of velocity. At the same Re, the separation efficiency of the double-hook corrugated plate isShifting the natural frequency is usually accomplished by segmenting the vessel with transverse baffles. The baffles are perforated, can be placed throughout the liquid phase, or can be placed in the region of the oil/water interface. However the following are major concerns: A 1947 API commissioned study from the University of Wisconsin determined the coalescing plate separator design method used for removing oil from water in refinery effluent water. The design methods focused primarily on resource recovery and mitigating the nuisance effect of oil exiting the refineries and entering streams and lakes. Vertical vessels are well suited for solids removal because of the small collection area. The vessel bottom can also be cone-shaped, with water jets to assist in the solids removal. In horizontal vessels, sand jets and suction nozzles are placed along the bottom of the vessel, typically every 5 to 8 ft. Inverted troughs may be placed on top of the suction nozzles as well to keep the nozzles from plugging. A sand-jet system is shown in Fig. 6. This type of system is sometimes difficult to use while the vessel is in operation because of the effect of the jetting and suction on separation and level control. For vessels that must be designed to enable sand jetting while in service, see the discussion on Emulsion Treating. Any break-up of these globules by even slight, local, or general turbulence, will reduce the efficiency of the separator. Consequently, the flow through the unit and in the upstream piping system should be with minimized turbulence. By using corrugated, parallel mounted plates inclined at 45° or 60°, the separator optimises the conditions of short vertical travel under stable streamlined flow and maximum separating surface area. The plates are used in "counter current" mode. According to Stokes' Law, heavier oils require more retention time. In many cases where refineries have switched to heavier crude slates, the API separator’s efficiency has declined. [4] Further treatment of API water discharges [ edit ]
Because of performance limitations the water discharged from API type separators usually requires several further processing stages before the treated water can be discharged or reused. Further water treatment is designed to remove oil droplets smaller than 150 micron, dissolved materials and hydrocarbons, heavier oils or other contaminants not removed by the API. Secondary treatment technologies include dissolved air flotation (DAF), Anaerobic and Aerobic biological treatment, Parallel Plate Separators, Hydrocyclone, Walnut Shell Filters and Media filters. [ citation needed] Alternative technologies [ edit ] A typical parallel plate separator [6]In a two- or three-phase horizontal separator with very little liquid/water, a boot or “double-barrel” separator configuration is used. All the interface controls are then located within the boot or lower barrel. Examples of these types of separators can be seen at Separator types. In the two-phase units, gas is separated from the liquid with the gas and liquid being discharged separately. A horizontal, vertical, or spherical separator can be used. A level-control or dump valve allows the liquid (oil, emulsion) to exit the vessel at the bottom. At the top of the vessel, the gas passes through a mist extractor, which removes any minute liquid droplets in the gas. If sand and other solids are continuously produced in appreciable quantities with well fluids, they should be removed before the fluids enter the pipelines. Salt may be removed by mixing water with the oil, and after the salt is dissolved, the water can be separated from the oil and drained from the system. At present, the separators are developed from various types of materials such as cotton, nylon, polyesters, glass, ceramic, polyvinyl chloride, tetrafluoroethylene, rubber, asbestos, etc... Typically, the oil layer is skimmed off and subsequently re-processed or disposed of, and the bottom sediment layer is removed by a chain and flight scraper (or similar device) and a sludge pump. The water layer is sent to further treatment for additional removal of any residual oil and then to some type of biological treatment unit for removal of undesirable dissolved chemical compounds. [ citation needed]
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