No.12 dog anatomy skeleton model Skynet three-dimensional puzzle 4D VISION animal anatomy (japan import)

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Descending superficial pectoral: originates on the first sternebrae and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It both adducts the limb and also prevents the limb from being abducted during weight bearing. It is innervated by the cranial pectoral nerves. Jay Neitz; Timothy Geist; Gerald H. Jacobs (1989). "Color Vision in the Dog" (PDF). Visual Neuroscience. 3 (2): 119–125. doi: 10.1017/s0952523800004430. PMID 2487095. S2CID 23509491. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2015 . Retrieved 23 June 2015.

Quadriceps femoris: originates on the femur and the ilium and inserts on the tibial tuberosity. It acts to extend the stifle and to flex the hip. It is innervated by the femoral nerve. The canine atlas, or C1 vertebra (see Figure 5-12), has a transverse foramen in each transverse process, a craniodorsal arch, and right and left lateral vertebral foramina for the passage of cervical spinal nerve 1. The atlas has correspondingly shaped condyles for articulation with the occiput. The canine lateral wings or transverse processes are prominent and easily palpable from the skin surface. The canine axis or C2 has a large spinous process with an expanded arch, a wide body, and large transverse processes (see Figure 5-12). The spinous process is nonbifid. The canine axis is very large relative to the size of other canine cervical vertebrae. The axis has a dens, which projects cranially to allow pivotal motion between the atlas and axis. The condyles are oriented near the transverse plane to allow cervical spine rotation. The C3-C6 vertebrae have nonbifid spinous processes, large and flat spinous processes, caudal and cranial articular surface facets that are narrower than the transverse processes, large transverse processes, and transverse foramina for the passage of vertebral arteries. Caudal and cranial articular surfaces are oriented between the dorsal and transverse planes to facilitate cranial and caudal glides needed for cervical spine flexion and extension. The C7 vertebra has a similar shape, a large prominent nonbifid spinous process, and caudal and cranial articular surfaces, which are oriented nearly craniocaudally. Roberts, Taryn; McGreevy, Paul; Valenzuela, Michael (2010). "Human Induced Rotation and Reorganization of the Brain of Domestic Dogs". PLOS ONE. 5 (7): e11946. Bibcode: 2010PLoSO...511946R. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011946. PMC 2909913. PMID 20668685.Calcium is important for bone health, but consuming too much of it, can lead to bone disease. If your dog has a well-balanced diet, it is best not to add calcium supplements. Acetabular Fossa: A non-articular depression portion of the acetabulum used for the attachment of the ligament of the head of the femur. Ischiatic Spine: Found between the greater and lesser schiatic notches and serves for the attachment of the gemellus muscle. Flexor carpi radial: originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the palmar side of metacarpals 2 and 3. It acts to flex the carpus. It is innervated by the median nerve. Their lungs are elastic and can expand and contract as needed to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.

Figure 5-14 Detailed skeletal anatomy of the sacrum from a caudolateral view ( A), sacrum and caudal 1 or Cd1 vertebra from a lateral view ( B), Cd4 vertebra from a cranial view ( C), and Cd6 vertebra from a dorsal view ( D). (From Evans HE: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2013, WB Saunders.) Extensor carpi ulnar: originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the metacarpal 5 and the accessory carpal bone. It acts to abduct and extend the carpal joint. It is innervated by the radial nerve. The gross structure of a dried, macerated bone is best revealed if the bone is sectioned in various planes. Two types of bone structure are seen. One is compact, or dense, which forms the outer shell of all skeletal parts. The other is spongy, or cancellous, which occupies the interior of the extremities of all long bones and the entire interior of most other bones, except certain of the skull bones and the bones of the thoracic and pelvic girdles. Spongy bone is not found in the girdles, where the two compact plates are fused. Modern dog breeds exhibit a diverse array of fur coats, including dogs without fur, such as the Mexican Hairless Dog. Dog coats vary in texture, color, and markings, and a specialized vocabulary has evolved to describe each characteristic. [20] Tail [ edit ]a b Wang, Xiaoming (2008) Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231509435 Latissimus dorsi: originates on thoracolumbar fascia and inserts on the teres major tuberosity of the humerus. Its function is to flex the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.