Tobar 9941 Fake Dog Poo, Mixed

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Walker, T.R.; Reid, K.; Arnould, J.P.Y.; Croxall, J.P. (1997). "Marine debris surveys at Bird Island, South Georgia 1990–1995". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 34 (1): 61–65. Bibcode: 1997MarPB..34...61W. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00053-7. Our World In Data provides graphics about some analyses, including maps, to show sources of plastic pollution [210] [211] – including that of oceans in specific. [212] Westervelt, Amy (14 January 2020). "Big Oil Bets Big on Plastic". Drilled News. Archived from the original on 18 December 2021 . Retrieved 18 December 2021.

Li, Penghui; Wang, Xiaodan; Su, Min; Zou, Xiaoyan; Duan, Linlin; Zhang, Hongwu (1 October 2021). "Characteristics of Plastic Pollution in the Environment: A Review". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 107 (4): 577–584. doi: 10.1007/s00128-020-02820-1. ISSN 1432-0800.

Several studies have attempted to quantify plastic leakage into the environment at both national and global levels which have highlight the difficulty of determining the sources and amounts of all plastic leakage. One global study has estimated that between 60 and 99 million tonnes of mismanaged plastic waste were produced in 2015. Borrelle et al. 2020 has estimated that 19–23 million tonnes of plastic waste entered aquatic ecosystems in 2016. while the Pew Charitable Trusts and SYSTEMIQ (2020) have estimated that 9–14 million tonnes of plastic waste ended up in the oceans the same year. a b Microplastics and Micropollutants in Water: Contaminants of Emerging Concern (Report). European Investment Bank. 27 February 2023. Plastic exposure in amphibians has mostly been studied in adolescent life stages, when the test subjects are still dependent on an aquatic environment where it can be easier to manipulate variables experimentally. Studies on a common South American freshwater frog, Physalaemus cuvieri indicated that plastics may have the potential to induce mutagenic and cytotoxic morphological changes. [123] Much more research needs to be done on amphibian response to plastic pollution, especially since amphibians can serve as initial indicator species of environmental decline. [124] Freshwater mammals and birds have long been known to have negative interactions with plastic pollution, often resulting in entanglement or suffocation/choking after ingesting. While inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract in both groups has been noted, unfortunately there is little to no data on the toxicological effects of plastic pollutants in these organisms. [115] Fish have been studied the most regarding plastic pollution in freshwater organisms, with the majority of studies indicating evidence of plastic ingestion in wild-caught samples and lab specimens. [115] There have been some attempts to look at lethality of plastics in a common freshwater model species, Danio rerio, aka zebrafish. Increased mucus production and inflammation response in the D. rerio GI-tract was noted, but additionally, researchers noted a distinct shift in the microbial communities within the zebrafish intestinal microbiome. [125] This finding is significant, as research within the last few decades has increasingly revealed how much power intestinal microbiomes have regarding their host's nutrient absorption and endocrine systems. [126] Because of this, plastics may have a far more drastic effect on individual organism health than is currently known so far, thus warranting the need for further research as soon as possible. Many of these findings also have been found in a laboratory setting, so more effort needs to be channeled into measuring plastic abundance & toxicology in wild populations. Cui, Rongxue; Kim, Shin Woong; An, Youn-Joo (21 September 2017). "Polystyrene nanoplastics inhibit reproduction and induce abnormal embryonic development in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia galeata". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 12095. Bibcode: 2017NatSR...712095C. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12299-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5608696. PMID 28935955.

China is the biggest consumer of single-use plastics. [54] In 2020 China published a plan to cut 30% of plastic waste in 5 years. As part of this plan, single use plastic bags and straws will be banned [226] [227] European Union In a study published by Environmental Science & Technology, Schmidt et al (2017) calculated that 10 rivers: two in Africa (the Nile and the Niger) and eight in Asia (the Ganges, Indus, Yellow, Yangtze, Hai He, Pearl, Mekong and Amur) "transport 88–95% of the global plastics load into the sea.". [70] [71] [72] [73] a b Laura Parker (June 2018). "We Depend on Plastic. Now We're Drowning in It". NationalGeographic.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018 . Retrieved 25 June 2018.

The city of Bangalore in 2016 banned the plastic for all purpose other than for few special cases like milk delivery etc. [245] Recycled poo bags - for people who may not have the time or organisational skills to collect non-recyclable waste! And for those people who dispose of dog waste via general waste. After two schoolgirls Ella and Caitlin launched a petition about it, Burger King and McDonald's in the United Kingdom and Ireland pledged to stop sending plastic toys with their meals. McDonald's pledged to do it from the year 2021. McDonald's also pledged to use a paper wrap for it meals and books that will be sent with the meals. The transmission will begin already in March 2020. [260] But you're a responsible dog owner who wants to do what they can for the environment and you realise that your poo bag usage is a big contributor to your dog's environmental pawprint. In 2019 the Giant Eagle retailer became the first big US retailer that committed to completely phase out plastic by 2025. The first step – stop using single use plastic bags – will begun to be implemented already on January 15, 2020. [268]