The Earth From the Air

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The average atmospheric pressure at sea level is defined by the International Standard Atmosphere as 101325 pascals (760.00 Torr; 14.6959 psi; 760.00 mmHg). This is sometimes referred to as a unit of standard atmospheres (atm). Total atmospheric mass is 5.1480×10 18 kg (1.135×10 19 lb), [40] about 2.5% less than would be inferred from the average sea level pressure and Earth's area of 51007.2 megahectares, this portion being displaced by Earth's mountainous terrain. Atmospheric pressure is the total weight of the air above unit area at the point where the pressure is measured. Thus air pressure varies with location and weather.

BBC Bitesize Composition of the atmosphere - BBC Bitesize

By comparison, the summit of Mount Everest is at 8,848m (29,029ft); commercial airliners typically cruise between 10 and 13km (33,000 and 43,000ft) where the lower density and temperature of the air improve fuel economy; weather balloons reach 30.4km (100,000ft) and above; and the highest X-15 flight in 1963 reached 108.0km (354,300ft). Earth from the Air has already been a huge hit wherever it has been displayed in Britain (including dates in Birmingham, London and Bristol), as well as other cities around the world. Yann Arthus-Bertrand travelled to Kenya to study the Lions. It was then that he became interested in photography. Within the five principal layers above, which are largely determined by temperature, several secondary layers may be distinguished by other properties: In general, air pressure and density decrease with altitude in the atmosphere. However, the temperature has a more complicated profile with altitude, and may remain relatively constant or even increase with altitude in some regions (see the temperature section, below). Because the general pattern of the temperature/altitude profile, or lapse rate, is constant and measurable by means of instrumented balloon soundings, the temperature behavior provides a useful metric to distinguish atmospheric layers. In this way, Earth's atmosphere can be divided (called atmospheric stratification) into five main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. [18] The altitudes of the five layers are as follows:Troposphere". Concise Encyclopedia of Science & Technology. McGraw-Hill. 1984. It contains about four-fifths of the mass of the whole atmosphere.

Earth from the Air - 365 Days: (expanded edition ) The Earth from the Air - 365 Days: (expanded edition )

Incropera 1 Dewitt 2 Bergman 3 Lavigne 4, Frank P. 1 David P. 2 Theodore L. 3 Adrienne S. 4 (2007). Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer (6thed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp.941–950. ISBN 9780471457282. OCLC 62532755. This book was an unexpectedly wonderful find, and it has given me an insight into some beautiful places of the world, many of which, I hadn't heard about until now. The photography contained in here is breathtakingly beautiful, and I could gaze at quite a few of these photos rather happily for a substantial amount of my time. Before this time, any oxygen produced by photosynthesis was consumed by the oxidation of reduced materials, notably iron. Free oxygen molecules did not start to accumulate in the atmosphere until the rate of production of oxygen began to exceed the availability of reducing materials that removed oxygen. This point signifies a shift from a reducing atmosphere to an oxidizing atmosphere. O 2 showed major variations until reaching a steady state of more than 15% by the end of the Precambrian. [56] The following time span from 539 million years ago to the present day is the Phanerozoic Eon, during the earliest period of which, the Cambrian, oxygen-requiring metazoan life forms began to appear. That leaves approximately 1%, which is made up of atoms of unreactive argon, and molecules of carbon dioxide.

Saw this exhibition in London, where it was located in one place all together near Imperial College. It is disappointing to see how all the elements are separated around such a large area, it was far better when kept together. Edlén, Bengt (1966). "The refractive index of air". Metrologia. 2 (2): 71–80. Bibcode: 1966Metro...2...71E. doi: 10.1088/0026-1394/2/2/002.