Bombing Colours: British Bomber Camouflage and Markings 1914-1937

Product Information

Testimony of Akiko Takakura". transcript from the video Hiroshima Witness produced by the Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK. Atomic Archive. Archived from the original on 16 April 2007 . Retrieved 30 April 2007. Stories from Riken" (PDF). Riken. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2012 . Retrieved 30 April 2007. One of the early studies conducted by the ABCC was on the outcome of pregnancies occurring in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and in a control city, Kure, located 29km (18mi) south of Hiroshima, to discern the conditions and outcomes related to radiation exposure. [281] James V. Neel led the study which found that the overall number of birth defects was not significantly higher among the children of survivors who were pregnant at the time of the bombings. [282] He also studied the longevity of the children who survived the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, reporting that between 90 and 95 percent were still living 50 years later. [283] Streffer, Christian (2007). "Biological Effects of Prenatal Irradiation". Ciba Foundation Symposium 203 – Health Impacts of Large Releases of Radionuclides. Novartis Foundation Symposia. pp.155–166. doi: 10.1002/9780470515006.ch11. ISBN 978-0-470-51500-6.

Events on the ground The Nagasaki Prefecture Report on the bombing characterized Nagasaki as "like a graveyard with not a tombstone standing". [213] Timeline #2- the 509th; The Hiroshima Mission". The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013 . Retrieved 5 May 2007.a b "Radiation Dose Reconstruction U.S. Occupation Forces in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, 1945–1946 (DNA 5512F)" (PDF). Defense Nuclear Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2006 . Retrieved 9 June 2006. Coox, Alvin D. (1969). "Japan at the End of Her Tether". In Hart, Basil Liddell (ed.). History of the Second a b "509th Timeline: Inception to Hiroshima". The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007 . Retrieved 5 May 2007.

Even before the surrender of Nazi Germany on 8 May 1945, plans were underway for the largest operation of the Pacific War, Operation Downfall, the Allied invasion of Japan. [10] The operation had two parts: set to begin in October 1945, Operation Olympic involved a series of landings by the U.S. Sixth Army intended to capture the southern third of the southernmost main Japanese island, Kyūshū. [11] This was to be followed in March 1946 by Operation Coronet, the capture of the Kantō Plain, near Tokyo on the main Japanese island of Honshū by the U.S. First, Eighth and Tenth Armies, as well as a Commonwealth Corps made up of Australian, British and Canadian divisions. The target date was chosen to allow for Olympic to complete its objectives, for troops to be redeployed from Europe, and the Japanese winter to pass. [12] A Photo-Essay on the Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki". University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . Retrieved 4 December 2016. a b c "The Nagasaki atomic bomb damage records, Part 2 Section 1 Chapter 1: Period leading up to the atomic bombing". Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims . Retrieved 29 March 2023.

a b c "Timeline #3- the 509th; The Nagasaki Mission". The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012 . Retrieved 5 May 2007.

Fifty Years for the Peace Memorial Museum". Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007 . Retrieved 17 August 2007. But now the war has lasted for nearly four years. Despite the best that has been done by every one—the gallant fighting of military and naval forces, the diligence and assiduity of Our servants of the State and the devoted service of Our one hundred million people, the war situation has developed not necessarily to Japan's advantage, while the general trends of the world have all turned against her interest. Brooks, Risa; Stanley, Elizabeth A. (2007). Creating Military Power: the Sources of Military Effectiveness. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5399-9. Imamura, Y.; Nakane, Y.; Ohta, Y.; Kondo, H. (2007). "Lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia among individuals prenatally exposed to atomic bomb radiation in Nagasaki City". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 100 (5): 344–349. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10877.x. PMID 10563451. S2CID 39187806. Minutes of 3rd Target Committee Meeting 28May 1945" (PDF). National Archives. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2006 . Retrieved 9 August 2006.The discovery of nuclear fission in 1938 made the development of an atomic bomb a theoretical possibility. [51] Fears that a German atomic bomb project would develop atomic weapons first, especially among scientists who were refugees from Nazi Germany and other fascist countries, were expressed in the Einstein–Szilard letter to Roosevelt in 1939. This prompted preliminary research in the United States in late 1939. [52] Progress was slow until the arrival of the British MAUD Committee report in late 1941, which indicated that only 5 to 10 kilograms of isotopically-pure uranium-235 were needed for a bomb instead of tons of natural uranium and a neutron moderator like heavy water. [53] Consequently, the work was accelerated, first as a pilot program, and finally in the agreement by Roosevelt to turn the work over the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to construct the production facilities necessary to produce uranium-235 and plutonium-239. This work was consolidated within the newly-created Manhattan Engineer District, which became better known as the Manhattan Project, eventually under the direction of Major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr.. [54]