What About Law?: Studying Law at University

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Religious law is explicitly based on religious precepts. Examples include the Jewish Halakha and Islamic Sharia—both of which translate as the "path to follow". Christian canon law also survives in some church communities. Often the implication of religion for law is unalterability, because the word of God cannot be amended or legislated against by judges or governments. [100] Nonetheless, most religious jurisdictions rely on further human elaboration to provide for thorough and detailed legal systems. For instance, the Quran has some law, and it acts as a source of further law through interpretation, Qiyas (reasoning by analogy), Ijma (consensus) and precedent. [101] This is mainly contained in a body of law and jurisprudence known as Sharia and Fiqh respectively. Another example is the Torah or Old Testament, in the Pentateuch or Five Books of Moses. This contains the basic code of Jewish law, which some Israeli communities choose to use. The Halakha is a code of Jewish law that summarizes some of the Talmud's interpretations. Immigration law and nationality law concern the rights of foreigners to live and work in a nation-state that is not their own and to acquire or lose citizenship. Both also involve the right of asylum and the problem of stateless individuals. A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2017 . Retrieved 10 November 2006. Canon law ( Ancient Greek: κανών, romanized: kanon, lit.'a straight measuring rod; a ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of a Christian organisation or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion. [102] The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at times adjudicated varies widely among these three bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a canon was originally [103] a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law.

A Guide to the Treaty of Lisbon" (PDF). The Law Society. January 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008 . Retrieved 1 September 2008. Bor, Fredric L. (1974). "The nexus between philosophy and law". Journal of Legal Education. 26 (4): 539–543. ISSN 0022-2208. JSTOR 42896964.Luban, David (2001). "Law's Blindfold". Conflict of Interest in the Professions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512863-5. Raisch, Marylin Johnson. "Religious Legal Systems in Comparative Law: A Guide to Introductory Research – GlobaLex". Hauser Global Law School Program. New York University School of Law. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019 . Retrieved 31 December 2019.

Merryman, John Henry (1968). "The Public Law-Private Law Distinction in European and American Law". Journal of Public Law. 17: 3. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020 . Retrieved 3 January 2020. Examples of crimes include murder, assault, fraud and theft. In exceptional circumstances defences can apply to specific acts, such as killing in self defence, or pleading insanity. Another example is in the 19th-century English case of R v Dudley and Stephens, which tested a defence of " necessity". The Mignonette, sailing from Southampton to Sydney, sank. Three crew members and Richard Parker, a 17-year-old cabin boy, were stranded on a raft. They were starving and the cabin boy was close to death. Driven to extreme hunger, the crew killed and ate the cabin boy. The crew survived and were rescued, but put on trial for murder. They argued it was necessary to kill the cabin boy to preserve their own lives. Lord Coleridge, expressing immense disapproval, ruled, "to preserve one's life is generally speaking a duty, but it may be the plainest and the highest duty to sacrifice it." The men were sentenced to hang, but public opinion was overwhelmingly supportive of the crew's right to preserve their own lives. In the end, the Crown commuted their sentences to six months in jail. [185] Main article: Executive (government) The G20 meetings are composed of representatives of each country's executive branch. Winston Churchill ( The Hinge of Fate, 719) comments on the League of Nations' failure: "It was wrong to say that the League failed. It was rather the member states who had failed the League." [161] Rottleuthner, Hubert (1984). "Rechtstheoritische Probleme der Sociologie des Rechts. Die Kontroverse zwischen Hans Kelsen und Eugen Ehrlich (1915/17)". Rechtstheorie (in German). 5: 521–551.

Further reading

Fine, Tony F. (2001). "The Globalization of Legal Education in the United States". In Drolshammer, Jens I.; Pfeifer, Michael (eds.). The Internationalization of the Practice of Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-90-411-1620-8.

Papachristou, T.K. (1999). "The Sociological Approach of Law". Sociology of Law (in Greek). Athens: A.N. Sakkoulas Publishers. ISBN 978-960-15-0106-2. Law is one of the few subjects that the school leaver, choosing a degree course, will have very little real understanding of. This book comes to the rescue by clearly setting out what a prospective law student can expect and why a student should choose to study law.As a legal system, Roman law has affected the development of law worldwide. It also forms the basis for the law codes of most countries of continental Europe and has played an important role in the creation of the idea of a common European culture (Stein, Roman Law in European History, 2, 104–107). The States Parties to the Rome Statute". International Criminal Court. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011 . Retrieved 10 February 2007. Lippert, Sandra (11 February 2016). "Egyptian Law, Saite to Roman Periods". Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935390.013.48. ISBN 978-0-19-993539-0. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020 . Retrieved 3 January 2020.

Berger, Adolf (1953). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 978-0-87169-432-4. Roman ars boni et aequi. Legal systems vary between jurisdictions, with their differences analysed in comparative law. In civil law jurisdictions, a legislature or other central body codifies and consolidates the law. In common law systems, judges may make binding case law through precedent, [10] although on occasion this may be overturned by a higher court or the legislature. [11] Historically, religious law has influenced secular matters and is, as of the 21st century, still in use in some religious communities. [12] [13] [14] Sharia law based on Islamic principles is used as the primary legal system in several countries, including Iran and Saudi Arabia. [15] [16] Lee, R. W. (April 1918). "Torts and Delicts". Yale Law Journal. 27 (6): 721–730. doi: 10.2307/786478. ISSN 0044-0094. JSTOR 786478. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020 . Retrieved 1 January 2020.

Cotterrell, Roger (1999). Emile Durkheim: Law in a Moral Domain. Edinburgh University Press/ Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1339-7. e.g. concerning a British politician and the Iraq War, George Galloway v Telegraph Group Ltd [2004] EWHC 2786 What About Law? shows how the study of law can be fun, intellectually stimulating, challenging and of direct relevance to students. Using a case study approach, the book introduces prospective law students to the legal system, as well as to legal reasoning, critical thinking and argument.