Revell 04736 Space Shuttle Discovery & Booster Rockets 1:144 Scale Unbuilt/Unpainted Plastic Model Kit, Multi-color, 59.5 x 36.4 x 6.5 centimetres

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Making the wheels can be quite hard. Although it may be hard, the rewards of someone telling you how cool they are when you have them retract are worth more than the work it takes to make it. I started off watching a few videos of the space shuttle landing to get and idea of how the landing gears work. Although my design is inaccurate (the sheer resistance on the flaps at high speed would rip them off their hinges), I chose to do it that way since it was easier to have the wheels perpendicular to the part that holds up the wheels (suspension?) vs it being parallel. The NRC committee had several criticisms. In practice, the FMEA was the sole basis for some engineering change decisions and all engineering waivers and rationales for re taining certain high-risk design features. However, the NRC report noted, hazard analyses for some important, high-risk subsystems “were not updated for years at a time even though design changes had occurred or dangerous failures were experienced.” On one procedural flow chart, the report noted, “the ‘Hazard Analysis As Required ’ is a dead-end box with inputs but no output with respect to waiver approval decisions.” Lessons learned: in design, to use probabilistic risk assessment more in evaluating and assigning priorities to risks; in operation, to establish certain launch commit criteria that cannot be waived by anyone. Another decision was the size of the crew. Some said that the shuttle should not carry more than four, the most that could use ejection seats. A commander, pilot, mission specialist, and payload specialist were sufficient for any mission. NASA expected to carry more space flight participants as payload specialists, so designed the vehicle to carry more. [2] I added the wheels for a purely demonstrational purpose, not intending for them to be able to support the weight of the model.

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During the mid-1960s the United States Air Force had both of its major piloted space projects, X-20 Dyna-Soar and Manned Orbiting Laboratory, canceled. This demonstrated its need to cooperate with NASA to place military astronauts in orbit. In turn, by serving Air Force needs, the Shuttle became a truly national system, carrying all military as well as civilian payloads. [3] The Space Shuttle program used the HAL/S programming language. [10] The first microprocessor used was the 8088 and later the 80386. The Space Shuttle orbiter avionics computer was the IBM AP-101.One reason NASA has so strongly resisted probabilistic risk analysis may be the fact that “PRA runs against all traditions of engineering, where you handle reliability by safety factors,” said Elisabeth Paté-Cornell, associate professor in the department of industrial engineering and engineering management at Stanford University in California, who is now studying organizational factors and risk assessment in NASA. In addition, with NASA’s strong pride in design, PRA may be “perceived as an insult to their capabilities, that the system they ’ve designed is not 100 percent perfect and absolutely safe,” she added. Thus, the character of an organization influences the reliability and failure of the systems it builds because its structure, policy, and culture determine the priorities, incentives, and communication paths for the engineers and managers doing the work, she said. Amid such political unpopularity, which threatened the program’s very existence, “some NASA people began to confuse desire with reality,” said Adelbert Tischler, retired NASA director of launch vehicles and propulsion. “One result was to assess risk in terms of what was thought acceptable without regard for verifying the assessment.” He added: “Note that under such circumstances real risk management is shut out.” For a crisp, clean look buffer up the sides of the model. If you've been sanding after each cut, this step shouldn't be that bad.

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The probabilities originated in a series of quantitative risk assessments NASA was required to conduct by the Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel (INSRP), in anticipation of the launch of the Galileo spacecraft on its voyage to Jupiter, originally scheduled for the early 1980s. Galileo was powered by a plutonium-­fueled radioisotope thermoelectric generator, and Presidential Directive/NSC-25 ruled that either the U.S. President or the director of the office of science and technology policy must examine the safety of any launch of nuclear material before approving it. The INSRP (which consisted of representatives of NASA as the launching agency, the Department of Energy, which manages nuclear devices, and the Department of Defense, whose Air Force manages range safety at launch) was charged with ascertaining the quantitative risks of a catastrophic launch dispersing the radioactive poison into the atmosphere. There were a number of studies because the upper stage for boosting Galileo into interplanetary space was reconfigured several times.To keep with the layered effect, I made the wing 3 separate parts indicated by the drawing. I arrived at my design by looking at top views of the space shuttle and doing some research as to what kind of wing the shuttle had. I came to the conclusion that it had sort of a delta shape with a combination of a trapezoid. There is no real way to do the wing as long as it is in the general shape of the shuttle. I also realized that the flat part of the wing that is furthest from the body is a bit too long but it's fine. Before the Apollo 11 Moon landing in 1969, NASA began studies of Space Shuttle designs as early as October 1968. The early studies were denoted "Phase A", and in June 1970, "Phase B", which were more detailed and specific. The primary intended use of the Space Shuttle was supporting the future space station, ferrying a minimum crew of four and about 20,000 pounds (9,100kg) of cargo, and being able to be rapidly turned around for future flights. Hey man, Im going to use this for my school project, it looks awesome. When i'm finished do you want me to post a pic? Report of the Space Task Group, 1969". NASA. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018 . Retrieved August 6, 2009.

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Let’s face it, space is a risky business,” commented former Apollo safety officer Cohen. “I always considered every launch a barely controlled explosion.” Initially, the orbiter was to carry its own liquid propellant. However, studies showed carrying the propellant in an external tank allowed a larger payload bay in an otherwise much smaller craft. It also meant throwing away the tank after each launch, but this was a relatively small portion of operating costs. Another reason was NASA’s “normal program development: you don’t continue to take data; you certify the components and get on with it,” said Rodney’s deputy, James Ehl. “People think that since we’ve flown 28 times, then we have 28 times as much data, but we don ’t. We have maybe three or four tests from the first development flights.”Editor’s Note: Today is the 30 th anniversary of the loss of the space shuttle Challenger, which was destroyed 73 seconds in its flight, killing all onboard. To mark the anniversary, IEEE Spectrum is republishing this seminal article which first appeared in June 1989 as part of a special report on risk. The article has been widely cited in both histories of the space program and in analyses of engineering risk management. One reason was economic. According to George Rodney, NASA’s associate administrator of safety, reliability, maintain­ability and quality assurance, it is not hard to get time and cycle data, “but it’s expensive and a big bookkeeping problem.”