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This method of pain assessment is highly applicable to prey animals which tend to inhibit the overt expression of pain to prevent appearing vulnerable to predators. For this reason, behavioural changes in these species are mainly observed with acute pain (hours) but are less pronounced in longer-lasting pain (days). [1]

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The Bidder' is the individual who, whether at a public auction or a private sale, successfully bids for an object. As with mice, studies have examined the extent of agreement in assessing pain between rat GS and the use of von Frey filaments. Good agreement has been found between these [27] in relation to three models of pain (intra plantar carrageenan, intraplantar complete Freund's adjuvant and plantar incision). The GS score significantly increased in all pain models and the peak GS score also coincided with the development of paw hypersensitivity, although hypersensitivity persisted after GS scores returned to baseline. [28] Sperry, Megan M.; Yu, Ya-Hsin; Welch, Rachel L.; Granquist, Eric J.; Winkelstein, Beth A. (2018-09-17). "Grading facial expression is a sensitive means to detect grimace differences in orofacial pain in a rat model". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 13894. Bibcode: 2018NatSR...813894S. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32297-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6141616. PMID 30224708. The auctioneer shall determine, above all other ways, how to perform the auction without being asked to offer a justification.Hampshire, V.; Robertson, S. (2015). "Using the facial grimace scale to evaluate rabbit wellness in post-procedural monitoring". Lab Animal. 44 (7): 259–260. doi: 10.1038/laban.806. PMID 26091129.

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To map and explain the different facial expressions seen in the equine face during acute pain, an equine facial action coding system (EquiFACS) has been developed. Seventeen FAU have been identified and the involved anatomical structures behind each facial expression are explained and compared to facial expressions seen in other species. [37] In cats [ edit ] De Rantere, D. (2014). The Evaluation of the Rat Grimace Scale and Ultrasonic Vocalisations as Novel Pain Assessment Tools in Laboratory Rats (PDF) (Thesis). University of Calgary. Evangelista, Marina C.; Benito, Javier; Monteiro, Beatriz P.; Watanabe, Ryota; Doodnaught, Graeme M.; Pang, Daniel S. J.; Steagall, Paulo V. (2020-04-14). "Clinical applicability of the Feline Grimace Scale: real-time versus image scoring and the influence of sedation and surgery". PeerJ. 8: e8967. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8967. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7164424. PMID 32322445.Chi, H., Kawano, T., Tamura, T., Iwata, H., Takahashi, Y., Eguchi, S., ... & Yokoyama, M. (2013). "Postoperative pain impairs subsequent performance on a spatial memory task via effects on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in aged rats". Life Sciences. 93 (25): 986–993. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.028. PMID 24211778. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) The GS method of pain assessment is highly applicable to laboratory rodents as these are usually prey species which tend to inhibit the expression of pain to prevent appearing vulnerable to predators. For this reason, behavioural changes in these species are mainly observed with acute pain (hours) but are less pronounced in longer-lasting pain (days). [1]