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a b c d e f g "Fipronil". Pesticides News. Vol.48. London: Pesticides Trust. 2000. p.20. ISSN 0967-6597. [ bettersourceneeded] Lima, Pedro (n.d.). "Abelhas com microchip". Globo Rural (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 January 2010. Ratra, G. S.; Casida, J. E. (2001). "GABA receptor subunit composition relative to insecticide potency and selectivity". Toxicol. Lett. 122 (3): 215–222. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00366-6. PMID 11489356. Most horse owners question the effectiveness of the treatment as it is not purely a horse product. As per some users, it is effective when the problem has not gone out of hand. FRONTLINE Plus also contains an important addition of (S)-methoprene which works to prevent the multiplication of fleas by killing fleas in their immature stages (eggs, larvae and pupae).
Gupta, Ramesh C. (2007). Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles. New York: Academic Press. pp.502–503. ISBN 978-0-12-370467-2. In mammals (including humans) fipronil overdose is characterized by vomiting, agitation, and seizures. Intravenous or intramuscular benzodiazepines are a useful antidote. [37] [38] History [ edit ] Development [ edit ] a b c d e f g h "New Pesticide Fact Sheet". Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances; United States Environmental Protection Agency. May 1996. EPA-737-F-96-005 . Retrieved 30 October 2023– via nepis.epa.gov.
The following tips will help you be on the safe side, so, follow them to avoid unpleasant circumstances Health effects from a brief exposure to fipronil depend on how someone is exposed to the chemical. Direct, short-term Cole, L. M.; Nicholson, R. A.; Casida, J. E. (1993). "Action of Phenylpyrazole Insecticides at the GABA-Gated Chloride Channel". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 46: 47–54. doi: 10.1006/pest.1993.1035. For treatment of the head areas and when treating young or nervous pets, application may be carried out by spraying onto a gloved hand and rubbing the product onto the coat. Frontline Spot On is not a prescription drug, so, you do not need the permission of a vet to use it on the horse.
Todd-Jenkins, Karen (18 June 2017). "Perception Versus Reality: Insecticide Resistance in Fleas". American Veterinarian. 2 (3). Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link) female rats fed the highest dose. While these findings are considered to apply only to rats, fipronil is classified as asurfaces, fipronil can be broken down by sunlight. Can fipronil affect birds, fish, or other wildlife? When applied as directed by your vet, the active ingredient in Frontline, Fipronil, helps to bring infestations under control. Frontline Spray for cats and dogs can also be used as part of a treatment strategy for flea allergy dermatitis (FAD). Scientists have not found any evidence of fipronil causing cancer in humans. Researchers fed fipronil to rats in their Chronic ( avian reproduction) studies show no effects at the highest levels tested in mallards ( NOEC = 1000 ppm) or quail (NOEC = 10 ppm). The metabolite MB 46136 is more toxic than the parent to avian species tested (very highly toxic to upland game birds and moderately toxic to waterfowl on an acute oral basis). [5] Fipronil for dogs comes as spot-on treatments or sprays. Each has its own uses, pros, and cons Fipronil spot-on for dogs
Olsen, Richard W.; DeLorey, Timothy M. (1999). "GABA Receptor Physiology and Pharmacology". In Siegel, G. J.; Agranoff, B. W.; Fisher, S. K.; Albers, R. W.; Uhler, M. D. (eds.). Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects (6thed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. ISBN 978-0-397-51820-3.
It can be applied both as a spot-on or a spray. Avoid spraying it on the wet hair and damaged or infected skin.