KS Tools 151.4100 Spline key wrench set, short, 5 pcs

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Aircraft engines may have a spline upon which mounts the propeller. There may be a master spline which is wider than the others, so that the propeller may go on at only one orientation, to maintain dynamic balance. This arrangement is commonly found in larger engines, whereas smaller engines typically use a pattern of threaded fasteners instead.

a b Cutting Keyways - Broaching, Keyseating, Wire-Cut EDM, Shaping, & Milling , retrieved 2014-12-03.In the computer science subfields of computer-aided design and computer graphics, the term spline more frequently refers to a piecewise polynomial ( parametric) curve. Splines are popular curves in these subfields because of the simplicity of their construction, their ease and accuracy of evaluation, and their capacity to approximate complex shapes through curve fitting and interactive curve design. One of the earliest forms of keyseating was done by chiseling. The keyway is roughed out using a chisel and then filed to size; the key is tried frequently to avoid over filing. This technique is long, tedious, and rarely used anymore. [11] Keyed joints [ edit ] Serrations are employed in instrument drives, valve shafts, and other applications. Helical Splines- Bhandari, V. B. (2007), Design of machine elements (2nded.), Tata McGraw-Hill, p.340, ISBN 978-0-07-061141-2. In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results, even when using low degree polynomials, while avoiding Runge's phenomenon for higher degrees.

This type of key was developed by William N. Woodruff of Hartford Connecticut. In 1888, he was awarded the John Scott Medal by the Franklin Institute for his invention. [5] The sidewalls of the evenly spaced channels are parallel in both radial and axial orientations, known as parallel splines key. Basically, the parallel key is inserted on the shaft. The interaction is provided by sliding the hub over the key. Involute Splines- This type of spline features a non-involute tooth shape. The male teeth are shaped like an included angle, while the female serration has gaps with the same included angle. P i − 1 ( 0 ) ( t i ) = P i ( 0 ) ( t i ) , P i − 1 ( 1 ) ( t i ) = P i ( 1 ) ( t i ) , ⋮ P i − 1 ( r i ) ( t i ) = P i ( r i ) ( t i ) . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}P_{i-1}Drive shafts on vehicles and power take-offs use splines to transmit torque and rotation and allow for changes in length. Splines are ubiquitous in aerospace, due to the spline's higher reliability and fatigue life compared to keyed shafts.

Wire-cut electrical-discharge machining (EDM) is primarily used for small production lot sizes where either extreme precision is required or other cutting technologies are not readily available. Wire-cut EDM cuts keyways by eroding material away from the workpiece through a series of rapid electric current discharges between a spooling wire and the workpiece through a dielectric liquid. Computer numerical control (CNC) wire-cut EDM machines allow for a wide variety selection of keyways to be cut, inclusive of multiple keyways on the same hub. The main limitations of CNC wire-cut EDM is the time it takes to cut a keyway as well as the size of parts a given wire-cut EDM machine can accommodate. [9] Shaping or slotting [ edit ] These might be in the form of parallel or involute teeth. The lead and helix angles of the helical spline are specified. These splines have a variety of applications. Tangent keys are used in high-torque heavy-duty applications. What would have been the side of each keyway forms heels against which the key sits, and transfers force compressively. This latter point means that for reversible motion of the shaft, another key along a tangent outwards in the opposing direction is needed. Typically this will be offset by 90° or 180° on the shaft. The key may be wedge, rectangular, or square shaped, but particularly rectangular double-taper keys are used. A Hirth joint is similar to a spline joint but with the teeth on the end of the shaft instead of on the surface.Ball splines are frequently grouped with recirculating linear bearing guides (also known as linear bushings), although they have advantages over standard linear bushings. To prevent stress concentrations the ends of the splines are chamfered (as opposed to an abrupt vertical end). Such stress concentrations are a primary cause of failure in poorly designed splines. [ citation needed] See also [ edit ]