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Taipale, J. & Beachy, P. A. The Hedgehog and Wnt signalling pathways in cancer. Nature 411, 349–354 (2001).

Wang, C. et al. Expansion of hedgehog disrupts mesenchymal identity and induces emphysema phenotype. J. Clin. Invest. 128, 4343–4358 (2018). Porter, J. A., Young, K. E. & Beachy, P. A. Cholesterol modification of hedgehog signaling proteins in animal development. Science 274, 255–259 (1996). Wang J, Mook RA Jr, Lu J, Gooden DM, Ribeiro A, Guo A, et al. Identification of a novel Smoothened antagonist that potently suppresses Hedgehog signaling. Bioorg Med Chem. 2012;20(22):6751–7.

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Luchetti, G. et al. Cholesterol activates the G-protein coupled receptor Smoothened to promote Hedgehog signaling. Elife https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20304 (2016). Fleas are a normal occurrence in wild animals and hedgehogs are no exception. The good news is hedgehog fleas are host-specific and, although they might jump on to your cat or dog, they cannot live on them for long. If you find that a hedgehog has a very heavy flea infestation it may indicate that there is an underlying problem. Seek expert advice from a local rescue centre; BHPS keeps a directory of independent hedgehog rehabilitators in the UK if you are not sure where yours is.

Biacore T200 (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden) was used to perform the experiments. ShhN was diluted to 10 ng/μL in 10 mM sodium acetate (pH 5.5) and immobilized on a CM5 sensor chip via standard EDC/NHS amine coupling to ~1,000 RU at 25°C. The control surface was activated in the absence of ShhN and used as a reference. Running buffer and sample buffer were the same and consisted of 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% P20, and 5% DMSO. The samples were subsequently injected. All results were evaluated with Biacore T200 Evaluation Software. The reported small molecule inhibitor, robotnikinin ( Stanton et al., 2009), was used as the positive reference. Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assays Allen, B. L. et al. Overlapping roles and collective requirement for the coreceptors GAS1, CDO, and BOC in SHH pathway function. Dev. Cell 20, 775–787 (2011). Anvarian, Z., Mykytyn, K., Mukhopadhyay, S., Pedersen, L. B. & Christensen, S. T. Cellular signalling by primary cilia in development, organ function and disease. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 15, 199–219 (2019). Ishii T, Shimizu Y, Nakashima K, Kondo S, Ogawa K, Sasaki S, et al. Inhibition mechanism exploration of investigational drug TAK-441 as inhibitor against Vismodegib-resistant Smoothened mutant. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014;723:305–13.Lou E, Schomaker M, Wilson JD, Ahrens M, Dolan M, Nelson AC. Complete and sustained response of adult medulloblastoma to first-line sonic hedgehog inhibition with vismodegib. Cancer Biol Ther. 2016;22:1–7.