Army Regulation AR 380-5 Security: Army Information Security Program October 2019

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Urinalysis can aid in distinguishing the causes of oliguria as well. The specific gravity of the urine is >1.02 in prerenal and <1.01 in renal causes. Urinary sodium concentration (mmol/liter) value is <20 in prerenal causes whereas it is >40 in renal etiologies. Similarly, fractional excretion of sodium (%) is <1% in prerenal and >1% in renal causes. The ratio of urinary to plasma creatinine is >40 in prerenal causes, whereas <20 in renal causes. Urine osmolality is >500 in prerenal and <350 in renal etiologies, and the ratio of urine to plasma osmolarity is >1.5 in prerenal and <1.1 in renal etiologies. [11]The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio is >20:1 in prerenal disease and <10:1 in renal diseases. [8] Alnemari A, Mansour T, Gregory S, Miller W, Buehler M, Gaudin D. Chiari I Malformation with Underlying Pseudotumor Cerebri: Poor Symptom Relief Following Posterior Decompression Surgery. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;38:136-41. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.07.039 - Pubmed

Digre K. Not So Benign Intracranial Hypertension. BMJ. 2003;326(7390):613-4. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7390.613 - Pubmed Steering is effortless and things never get out of shape, no matter how hard you push, how low you lean, or how bumpy the roads are. Ducati claims the SuperSport will keel to 48 degrees before metal scrapes tarmac. The ride is plush, controlled and the standard Pirelli Diablo Rosso III tyres give immense road grip. They’re especially impressive in the wet. Ahmed R, Wilkinson M, Parker G et al. Transverse Sinus Stenting for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Review of 52 Patients and of Model Predictions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32(8):1408-14. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2575 - Pubmed Patients usually present with headaches, visual problems (transient or gradual visual loss), pulse-synchronous tinnitus, photopsia, and/or eye pain 15,31. These otoliths move due to gravity as the head is turning and cause inappropriate signaling that the head is moving when, in reality, it is not. When the vestibular apparatus, semicircular canals, and visual system are in disequilibrium, it elicits the sensation of dizziness. The classic symptoms of BPPV often involve brief episodes of rotational vertigo that are reproducible. [6]Jones O, Cutsforth-Gregory J, Chen J, Bhatti M, Huston J, Brinjikji W. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension is Associated with a Higher Burden of Visible Cerebral Perivascular Spaces: The Glymphatic Connection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2021;42(12):2160-4. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A7326 - Pubmed

Less commonly IIH can also be encountered in males, usually older and less likely to be obese 15. It is rare in the pediatric population, being more common in the 12-17 year age group than in the 2-12 year age group 15,29. Associations The first step is the hemodynamic stabilization of the patient. The amount of fluid is calculated on an individual basis. [1] It should be noted that although hemodynamic stabilization is necessary, volume overloading should be avoided at all costs and treated with diuresis or renal replacement therapy if indicated. [12]Starch products can lead to tubular damage and hence should be avoided. For a large volume replacement, balanced crystalloids are recommended. The target for hemodynamic stabilization is achieving the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 65-70 mmHg in non-hypertensive patients. In addition to all the therapeutic modalities, close hourly monitoring of urine output is extremely important to gauge treatment accordingly. [3] Topical medications. Topical medications come in the form of creams, sprays, gels, and patches and are applied directly to the skin over the painful joint. There are many different types of topical medications. For example, topical NSAIDs reduce inflammation, topical counterirritants distract the brain from joint pain, and topical lidocaine is a numbing agent that interrupts pain signals to the brain.

Changes over time for: Section 380

In oliguric patients, secondary to renal etiology treatment is mainly focused on supportive care and potential renal replacement therapy to manage the fluid and electrolyte balance to avoid the development of complications. [1]