Year of the Elephant: A Moroccan Woman's Journey Toward Independence (Modern Middle East Literature in Translation Series) (Modern Middle Eastern Literatures in Translation Series)

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Elephants have been working animals since at least the Indus Valley civilization over 4,000 years ago [157] and continue to be used in modern times. There were 13,000–16,500 working elephants employed in Asia in 2000. These animals are typically captured from the wild when they are 10–20 years old when they are both more trainable and can work for more years. [158] They were traditionally captured with traps and lassos, but since 1950, tranquillisers have been used. [159] Individuals of the Asian species have been often trained as working animals. Asian elephants are used to carry and pull both objects and people in and out of areas as well as lead people in religious celebrations. They are valued over mechanised tools as they can perform the same tasks but in more difficult terrain, with strength, memory, and delicacy. Elephants can learn over 30 commands. [158] Musth bulls are difficult and dangerous to work with and so are chained up until their condition passes. [160]

With Abraha there were some Arabs who had come to seek his bounty, among them Muhammad ibn Khuza`i ibn Khuzaba al-Dhakwani, al-Sulami, with a number of his tribesmen including a brother of his called Qays. While they were with him a feast of Abraha occurred and he sent to invite them to the feast. Now he used to eat an animal's testicles, so when the invitation was brought they said, "By God, if we eat this the Arabs will hold it against us as long as we live."a b Anon (2010). Mammal Anatomy: An Illustrated Guide. Marshall Cavendish. p.59. ISBN 978-0-7614-7882-9. McNeely, J. A. "Elephants in Folklore, Religion and Art". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. pp.158–165. The Byzantine historian Procopius identified Abraha as the former slave of a Roman merchant who conducted business in Adulis, while the Muslim historian al-Tabari says that he was related to the Aksumite royal family. [6] Later, Abraha was either one of the commanders or a member of one of the armies led by King Kaleb of Axum against Dhu Nuwas. [7] In al-Tabari's history, Abraha is said to have been the commander of the second army sent by Kaleb of Axum after the first, led by 'Ariat, failed.

Mothé, Dimila; dos Santos Avilla, Leonardo; Asevedo, Lidiane; Borges-Silva, Leon; Rosas, Mariane; Labarca-Encina, Rafael; Souberlich, Ricardo; Soibelzon, Esteban; Roman-Carrion, José Luis; Ríos, Sergio D.; Rincon, Ascanio D.; Cardoso de Oliveira, Gina; Pereira Lopes, Renato (30 September 2016). "Sixty years after 'The mastodonts of Brazil': The state of the art of South American proboscideans (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae)" (PDF). Quaternary International. 443: 52–64. Bibcode: 2017QuInt.443...52M. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2016.08.028. Munro-Hay dates his death to some time after 553 based on the inscription at Murayghän. [1] Islamic tradition places his death immediately after his expedition to Mecca. He was succeeded on the throne by two of his sons, Yaksum and Masruq, whose mother was Raihäna, a Yemenite noblewoman whom Abraha had abducted from her husband. [8]In turn citing: Willan R. (1821). Miscellaneous works: comprising An inquiry into the antiquity of the small-pox, measles, and scarlet fever, now first published; Reports on the diseases in London, a new ed.; and detached papers on medical subjects, collected from various periodical publi. Cadell. p.488. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Ibid M. Asad, Commentary on Surah 102, see note 2. Lit., "with stones of sijjil". As explained in note [114] on 11:82, this latter term is synonymous with sijill, which signifies "a writing" and, tropically, "something that has been decreed [by God]": hence, the phrase hijarah min sijjil is a metaphor for "stone-hard blows of chastisement pre-ordained", i.e., in God's decree (Zamakhshari and Razi, with analogous comments on the same expression in 11:82). Ozawa, T.; Hayashi, S.; Mikhelson, V. M. (1997). "Phylogenetic position of mammoth and Steller's sea cow within tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial DNA sequences". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 44 (4): 406–13. Bibcode: 1997JMolE..44..406O. doi: 10.1007/PL00006160. PMID 9089080. S2CID 417046. Murray E. Fowler; Susan K. Mikota (2006). Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants. John Wiley & Sons. p.353. ISBN 978-0-8138-0676-1. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023 . Retrieved 17 October 2020.

Abd al-Muttalib replied: I am the lord of the camels and The House (Ka'ba) has a Lord who will protect it. [5] Kobishchanov, Yuri M. (1990). Axum. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press. p.91. ISBN 0271005319.

Wikipedia citation

Payne, K. B.; Langauer, W. B. "Elephant Communication". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. pp.116–123.