The Building of a Nation: The Growth, Present Condition and Resources of the United States With a Forecast of the Future

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See also: Clash of Civilizations, City-state, Virtual community, Tribe (Internet), Global citizenship, Geographic mobility, Transnationalism, Geo-fence, Decentralization, Collective problem solving, and Sociocultural evolution Sardar Patel never interfered in my work. I did my job in the full knowledge that I had his authority to carry out his policy. He accepted my views on most matters; if he disagreed, he would tell me so. We would then discuss and argue the issue, and if I succeeded in convincing him of the correctness of my view he would readily accept it. I have never seen him swayed by considerations of prestige' said V.P. Menon speaking of his long association with Sardar Patel. a b Achankeng, Fonkem (2014). "The Foumban "Constitutional" Talks and Prior Intentions of Negotiating: A Historico-Theoretical Analysis of a False Negotiation and the Ramications for Political Developments in Cameroon". Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective. 9: 149.

Azar Gat also argues China, Korea and Japan were nations by the time of the European Middle Ages. [20] Criticisms [ edit ] nation-state, a territorially bounded sovereign polity—i.e., a state—that is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. The legitimacy of a nation-state’s rule over a territory and over the population inhabiting it stems from the right of a core national group within the state (which may include all or only some of its citizens) to self-determination. Members of the core national group see the state as belonging to them and consider the approximate territory of the state to be their homeland. Accordingly, they demand that other groups, both within and outside the state, recognize and respect their control over the state. As the American sociologist Rogers Brubaker put it in Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe (1996), nation-states are “states of and for particular nations.”Country: a geographic territory, which may or may not have an affiliation with a government or ethnic group Giving up his ambitions and dreams, Patel followed in the footsteps of the Mahatma nursing the cherished desire of freedom. 'I took to this life after mature consideration and not on the spur of the moment' he said of his decision. Dobbins, James, Seth G. Jones, Keith Crane, and Beth Cole DeGrasse. 2007. The Beginner's Guide to Nation-Building. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation. Institution building is both an extremely complex and a time- and energy-intensive process. The leader’s vision, a socially responsive agenda, acceptance by the society, constant improvement and growth, sustainability, and networking are important aspects of an institution-building strategy. Institution building is defined as the “planning, structuring, and guidance of new or reconstituted organizations which (a) embody changes in values, functions, physical and/or social technologies, (b) establish, foster and protect normative relationship and action patterns, and (c) attain support and complementarity in the environment”.[ 7]

Politically, Kashmir had a Hindu Raja as its ruler while its three regions of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh had a Hindu, Muslim and Buddhist majority respectively. As a result Raja Hari Singh had been sitting on the fence acceding neither to India nor to Pakistan till the date of Independence. Stephenson, Carolyn (January 2005). "Nation Building". Beyond Intractability . Retrieved 27 June 2018. Woods, Eric Taylor; Schertzer, Robert; Kaufmann, Eric (April 2011). "Ethno-national conflict and its management". Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. 49 (2): 154. doi: 10.1080/14662043.2011.564469. S2CID 154796642.Many polyethnic states have applied “ melting pot” policies, aiming to assimilate ethnic minorities into the hegemonic national culture, which often represents the culture of a dominant group (typically the founding group). In contrast, exclusionary policies have targeted ethnic or religious groups seen as alien to the nation and unassimilable. Historically, extreme forms of exclusion have included ethnic cleansing (deporting members of ethnic or religious minorities or forcing them to flee the country) or genocide (annihilating an ethnic or religious group through mass killing). Historical examples of acts of ethnic cleansing included the forced resettlement of Slavs in central and eastern European countries occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II; the expulsion of Italians and Jews from Libya in 1970 following a military coup led by Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi; and the mass killing and forced migration of Bengalis from East Pakistan during the Bangladesh war of independence in 1971. Genocides have been committed, for example, by the Ottoman Empire against Armenians, Greeks, and Assyrians during World War I; by Nazi Germany against the Jews and by the fascist Ustaša government of Croatia against the Serbs during World War II; and by the Hutu government of Rwanda against the Tutsi people in 1994. Smith, Anthony D. (8 January 1991). The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Wiley. p.17. ISBN 978-0-631-16169-1– via Google Books. In the midst of such multiple challenges and bearing such huge responsibilities, Patel held his head above the water and continued to swim past the roaring tide to build a nation. The geography of India with territorial and administrative continuity and integrity would not have been but for this man's vision and perseverance. He lent his iron will and steely determination to create India.

A significant early use of the term nation, as natio, occurred at Medieval universities [23] to describe the colleagues in a college or students, above all at the University of Paris, who were all born within a pays, spoke the same language and expected to be ruled by their own familiar law. In 1383 and 1384, while studying theology at Paris, Jean Gerson was elected twice as a procurator for the French natio. The University of Prague adopted the division of students into nationes: from its opening in 1349 the studium generale which consisted of Bohemian, Bavarian, Saxon and Polish nations. Huntington believed that while the age of ideology had ended, the world had reverted only to a normal state of affairs characterized by cultural conflict. In his thesis, he argued that the primary axis of conflict in the future will be along cultural and religious lines. a b Paglayan, Agustina S. (February 2021). "The Non-Democratic Roots of Mass Education: Evidence from 200 Years". American Political Science Review. 115 (1): 179–198. doi: 10.1017/S0003055420000647. ISSN 0003-0554. Thus the phrase "nations of the world" could be referring to the top-level governments (as in the name for the United Nations), various large geographical territories, or various large ethnic groups of the planet.Hippler, Jochen, ed. (2005). Nation-building: a key concept for peaceful conflict transformation?. translated by Barry Stone. London: Pluto. ISBN 978-0745323367. A nation is a large type of social organization where a collective identity has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, territory or society. Some nations are constructed around ethnicity (see ethnic nationalism) while others are bound by political constitutions (see civic nationalism and multiculturalism). [1] Depending on the meaning of "nation" used, the term " nation state" could be used to distinguish larger states from small city states, or could be used to distinguish multinational states from those with a single ethnic group. V.P. Menon urged C.P.Ramaswami Aiyar, the ruler of Travancore to reconsider his decision. Lauding him for his past contribution toward the nation, Menon told the Aiyar that it ought not to be said that the Raja had not made a contribution toward building a united nation when he had it in his power to do so. The Raja asked for more time to think the matter over. Hechter defines nations as “territorially concentrated ethnic groups” (p. 14). He focuses on the transition from indirect to direct rule and identifies different types of nationalism: State-Building Nationalism, Peripheral Nationalism, Irredentist Nationalism, Unification Nationalism, and Patriotism. Hechter, echoing Gellner, defines nationalism as “a collective action designed to render the boundaries of the nation congruent with those of its governance unit” (p. 15).