The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires

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In the event of a fault, MMS guarantees switching time between the 2 power sources of less than a quarter of a cycle (< 4 msec for synchronised inputs; < 10 msec for non-synchronised). This is the case for both automatic and manually-triggered switches. As the amount and distribution of fat plays a key role in susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as obesity, heart disease and diabetes, this study highlights the regulatory gene as a possible target for future treatments to fight these diseases. This circuit is the same as the master ON circuit the only change is an additional Master switch (MS2) which is added to the phase line that was previously connected directly to the terminals of switches S1 to S4.

The researchers examined over 20,000 genes in subcutaneous fat biopsies from 800 UK female twin volunteers. They found an association between the KLF14 gene and the expression levels of multiple distant genes found in fat tissue, which means it acts as a master switch to control these genes. This was then confirmed in a further independent sample of 600 subcutaneous fat biopsies from Icelandic subjects.In many ways, The Master Switch fills a valuable niche in the literature on communication‐information policy. No other book that I know of takes us so effortlessly through 150 years of change and equilibrium in the telecommunication, media and information industries with an eye for the entertaining anecdote and the enlivening detail. But the book is also a big disappointment. Ultimately, it fails to deliver conceptual and analytical insights commensurate with its grand scope. This failure does not become fully apparent until the last chapter, which makes the letdown all the more jarring. Features a manual bypass that enables even non-technical staff to easily switch between 2 independent power sources in the event of a supply failure. At industrial facilities, it saves the time of employees responsible for closing up at the end of the working day.

A team of researchers, led by King’s College London and the University of Oxford, have found that a gene linked to type 2 diabetes and cholesterol levels is in fact a ‘master regulator’ gene, which controls the behaviour of other genes found within fat tissues in the body. Published online on 15 May 2011 in Nature Genetics, the study was one part of a large multi-national collaboration funded by the Wellcome Trust, known as the MuTHER study. It involves researchers from King’s College London, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, and the University of Geneva. DeCODE Genetics also contributed to the results reported in this paper. Wu's elaboration of the Cycle is intriguing but under‐conceptualized. As far as I can tell, Wu does not have a systematic explanation or theory as to what drives it. Do we get more controlled, closed, concentrated information empires because of some special, inherent economic characteristics of information industries or because of bad policy decisions at critical junctures? His book could be used to give both answers. Is the cycle inevitable, or is it something that we can shape and control through public intervention? While Wu emphasizes the urgency of that question, he fails, as far as I can tell, to seriously engage with it. Is the dominance of past empires disrupted because of technological change, sluggishness and inertia, or laws and policies? Wu does not really engage with those deeper questions at an abstract level. While he writes with the keen eye of someone practiced in antitrust and communications law and policy, his narratives tend to emphasize the ambitions, alliances and decisions of powerful men, as opposed to market forces, economies of scale and scope, institutional arrangements or technological capabilities. The installation of a centralized control system for electric appliances is useful in a wide variety of environments: It was already known that the KLF14 gene is linked to type 2 diabetes and cholesterol levels but, until now, how it did this and the role it played in controlling other genes located further away on the genome was unknown.

Another way to implement a master switch is to use a programmable logic controller (PLC), with which you can expand the control functionality. In the circuit, the Master switch (MS1) is an SPST switch and S1, S2, S3, S4 are SPDT switches. The common pole of each SPDT switches S1 to S4 are connected to the respective lamps L1 to L4, also the neutral line is distributed parallel to each lamp. These other genes found to be controlled by KLF14 are in fact linked to a range of metabolic traits Including body-mass index (obesity), cholesterol, insulin and glucose levels, highlighting the interconnectedness of metabolic traits.