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Figure 21. “Snake Girl,” a representative work from Master Desheng Wu’s “Naked Woman” series, combines the smooth and warm luster of white nephrite jade with a modern stylized design applying openwork and Qiaose crafts. Photo courtesy of Desheng Wu Jade Carving Studio. JADE CARVING PROCESS ILLUSTRATED BY MODERN WORKS Xu L. (2011) Chinese Ancient Jade-Making Process. The Forbidden City Publishing House, Beijing, 269 pp.
The color of jade, whether it is nephrite or jadeite, is influenced by the presence of trace elements and impurities within its crystal structure. In the case of white jade, the absence of significant amounts of these elements or impurities results in its white or off-white coloration. Both nephrite and jadeite can occur in white shades, although the specific properties and values may differ. a b Han, B.; Chong, J.; Sun, Z.; Jiang, X.; Xiao, Q.; Zech, J.; Roberts, P.; Rao, H.; Yang, Y. (2021). "The rise of the cosmetic industry in ancient China: Insights from a 2700‐year‐old face cream". Archaeometry. 63 (5): 1042–1058. doi: 10.1111/arcm.12659. ISSN 0003-813X. S2CID 234062944. a b c Garrett, Valery M. (2007). Chinese dress: from the Qing Dynasty to the Present. Tokyo: Tuttle Pub. ISBN 978-0-8048-3663-0. OCLC 154701513. The origin of a jade piece can influence its value, particularly if it is associated with a renowned mine or has an interesting history. Additionally, rare or unique jade items, such as those featuring unusual colors or patterns, may fetch higher prices due to their scarcity.The hue, saturation, and evenness of color are crucial factors in determining a jade’s value. The most sought-after jadeite color is a rich, vivid, and evenly distributed Imperial green, while a translucent emerald green known as “apple green” is also highly prized. Nephrite typically exhibits a more muted color palette, but a deep, even green is still considered valuable. Jade bracelets have been favoured by Chinese women since ancient times regardless of social ranking [8] and has been one of the most important form of jewellery in Chinese culture. [9] According to ancient Chinese beliefs, jade bracelets should be worn on the left hand as it is closest to the heart. [8] Chinese women typically had at least three jade bracelets throughout her lifetime: the first one was given by her father as a little girl, the second is given to the girl by her mother when she gets married and which will be passed from generation to generation as a family heirloom, and the third one (regardless of the price and the quality) is given to the girl by her lover to express his love and his desire to protect her for a lifetime, which led to the saying, "no bracelet can't get married". [8] Another jade bracelet may be given by a mother-in-law to her new daughter-in-law when she gets married. [8] There is a belief in China which says that if a jade bracelet breaks, the death of its wearer has been supplanted by the broken bracelet. [10] :160 Jade bracelet continues to be prized and worn nowadays. It is also currently used as a form of fashion accessory used by hanfu enthusiasts. [11] Earrings [ edit ] A pair of jade earring, Qing dynasty In 583 AD during the Sui dynasty, civilian ownership of swords and spears were banned by Emperor Wen of Sui; the ban of daggers, knives, hunting forks and hooks followed by the year 604. [50] :xviii This ban was soon lifted following the founding of the Tang dynasty, and according to the Tang legal code, people were allowed to carry light weapons, bows and arrows, swords, shields, and short spears and were only banned from using professional military weapons. [50] :xviii This led to a cultural shift in the Tang dynasty where gallantry culture rose in popularity. [50] :xix [51] This cultural shift also changed the symbol of swords in society, which became symbols of strength, courage, masculinity, righteousness. [50] :xix [51] It thus became fashionable to carry swords as well as short weapons, such as knives and daggers. [51] [50] :xix Sending swords as gifts to friends were also performed by some scholars: [50] :xix a b c Qian, Gonglin (2004). Chinese fans: artistry and aesthetics (1sted.). San Francisco: Long River Press. pp.3–4. ISBN 1-59265-020-1. OCLC 52979000.
Tuanshan ( Chinese: 团扇), silk round-shaped fans, also known as "fans of reunion", is a type of "rigid fan". [44] [46] These types of fans were mostly used by women in the Tang dynasty and was later introduced into Japan. [47] These round fans remained mainstream even after the growing popularity of the folding fans. [48] Round fans with Chinese paintings and with calligraphy became very popular in the Song dynasty. [48] Chen, Buyun (2019). Empire of style: silk and fashion in Tang China. Seattle. p.84. ISBN 978-0-295-74531-2. OCLC 1101879641. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) Because of this and the belief in its indestructibility, jade from early times was lavishly used not only for dress ornaments but also for ritual objects, both Confucian and Daoist, and for the protection of the dead in the tomb. The composition of jade A stone that is beautiful, it has five virtues. There is warmth in its lustre and brilliance; this is its quality of kindness; its soft interior may be viewed from the outside revealing [the goodness] within; this is its quality of rectitude; its tone is tranquil and high and carries far and wide; this is its quality of wisdom; it may be broken but cannot be twisted; this is its quality of bravery; its sharp edges are not intended for violence; this is its quality of purity.Third Generation (circa sixth century BCE–circa 581 CE). The iron rotary machine appeared from the late Chunqiu Period until the Nan-bei Dynasty. Carvers still knelt on the ground while operating the machine (Xu, 2014). As smelting technology improved, iron tools were increasingly used and the jade carving machine evolved accordingly. It was still manually driven but provided increased efficiency because iron tools were sharper and more wear-resistant (Xu, 2014). Yang, Shaorong (2004). Traditional Chinese clothing: costumes, adornments & culture (1sted.). San Francisco: Long River Press. ISBN 1-59265-019-8. OCLC 52775158. Jadeite, on the other hand, is a sodium and aluminum-rich pyroxene mineral that is rarer and more valuable than nephrite. With a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, jadeite exhibits a vibrant range of colors, including the highly coveted Imperial green. Its translucent and lustrous appearance makes it particularly desirable among collectors and connoisseurs. How to tell nephrite and jadeite apart Walthall, Anne (2008). Servants of the dynasty: palace women in world history. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.143–144. ISBN 978-0-520-94151-9. OCLC 560506301. Jade is well known for its ornamental use in East Asian, South Asian, and Southeast Asian art. It is commonly used in Latin America, such as Mexico and Guatemala. The use of jade in Mesoamerica for symbolic and ideological ritual was influenced by its rarity and value among pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Olmecs, the Maya, and other ancient civilizations of the Valley of Mexico.
Table 2 shows that over 5,000 years of Chinese jade culture, the development of carving tools has featured two trends: tool speed becoming increasingly faster, and grinding powder becoming increasingly harder. The evolution of tools improved processing conditions for carvers. As a result, Chinese jade carving moved toward greater diversity, complexity, and delicacy. Consider the shapes, for example. During the Xia, Shang, and Xizhou Dynasties, jade wares were mainly two-dimensional tablet shapes. With advances in tools and craftsmanship, the forms gradually became three-dimensional. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most jade wares displayed rounded shapes. A jade’s texture, also referred to as its “grain,” should be fine and smooth, with no visible inclusions or imperfections. A high-quality piece of jade will have a uniform, compact structure that contributes to its overall beauty and durability. Size and weight Second Generation (circa 2070 BCE–circa sixth century BCE). The bronze rotary machine emerged and thrived from the Xia and Shang Dynasties to the early to mid-Chunqiu Period (Xu, 2014) as life in this period gradually centered on bronze technology. It is speculated that operators were kneeling and manually drove the machine to faster speeds than achievable before, based on the kneeling posture depicted in unearthed human stone carvings from this period and in the tomb of Fuhao (Yang, 2006).a b c d Haney, Beth (2020). Aesthetic procedures: nurse practitioner's guide to cosmetic dermatology. Cham. ISBN 978-3-030-19948-7. OCLC 1121273169. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)
Intricately carved jade items or those that demonstrate exceptional craftsmanship can command higher prices. The skill, creativity, and time invested in producing such pieces add to their overall value and desirability. Provenance and rarity Draelos, Zoe Diana (2011). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Somerset: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-4443-5951-0. OCLC 929529116. Egreteau, Renaud (October 11, 2011). "Jade or JADE? Debating International Sanctions on Burma's Gem Industry". Asia Pacific Journal (132). Technical Research Group of Beijing Jade Factory (1976) Some ideas on jade carving craftsmanship in Shang Dynasty. Archaeology, No. 4, pp. 229–233, 286–287, 290. When fen was dyed red, it became known as chengfen (double-dyed red applied). [58] :24 The chengfen was a makeup powder which was applied on the cheeks. [58] :24 In the Tang dynasty, women would apply rouge on their cheeks directly under their eyes.As we discussed above, there are two types of jade. Jadeite is rarer and generally is worth more. Treatment a b c d e Yang, Xiaojing; Wang, Kunqian (2015). "Innovative design and application of woody materials in silver jewellery". Advances in future manufacturing engineering: proceedings of the 2014 IMSS International Conference on Future Manufacturing Engineering (ICFME 2014), Hong Kong, 10-11 December, 2014. G. Yang. Leiden, The Netherlands: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-315-68462-8. OCLC 908931928. A look at the evolution of Chinese jade carving tells us that every step forward in tools and production technology is immediately reflected in craftsmanship. In the contemporary era, the development of artificial intelligence and industrial automation will continue to boost mechanization and large-scale production in the Chinese jade carving industry. These trends will further contribute to the sustained improvement of the creative design and cultural value of jade carvings. a b Garrett, Valery (2012). Chinese Dress: From the Qing Dynasty to the Present. New York: Tuttle Pub. p.184. ISBN 978-1-4629-0694-9. OCLC 794664023. The process of valuing gemstones can be difficult but we can give you some great pricing guidance. There are several shades of green that have different price points but generally speaking the prices are as follows: Color
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