Desert 9 T01

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Woodroffe, R.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2020). " Lycaon pictus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12436A166502262. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T12436A166502262.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021. Bulliet, Richard W. (1975). The Camel and the Wheel. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674091306. Republished with a new preface Columbia University Press, 1990. Rain shadowdeserts exist near the leeward slopes of some mountain ranges. Leeward slopes face away from prevailing winds. The desert covers much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and the Sudan. [8]

The French took advantage of long-standing animosity between the Chaamba Arabs and the Tuareg. The newly raised Méhariste camel corps were originally recruited mainly from the Chaamba nomadic tribe. In 1902, the French penetrated the Hoggar mountains and defeated Ahaggar Tuareg in the battle of Tit. In the 16th century the northern fringe of the Sahara, such as coastal regencies in present-day Algeria and Tunisia, as well as some parts of present-day Libya, together with the semi-autonomous kingdom of Egypt, were occupied by the Ottoman Empire. From 1517 Egypt was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire, ownership of which provided the Ottomans with control over the Nile Valley, the east Mediterranean and North Africa. The benefit of the Ottoman Empire was the freedom of movement for citizens and goods. Traders exploited the Ottoman land routes to handle the spices, gold and silk from the East, manufactured goods from Europe, and the slave and gold traffic from Africa. Arabic continued as the local language and Islamic culture was much reinforced. The Sahel and southern Sahara regions were home to several independent states or to roaming Tuareg clans. The 10 Largest Deserts In The World". WorldAtlas. 13 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021 . Retrieved 18 January 2022.Snow falls in Sahara for first time in 37 years". CNN. 21 December 2016. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016 . Retrieved 22 December 2016. Jonathan Watts (7 September 2020). "Africa's Great Green Wall just 4% complete halfway through schedule". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 6 May 2022 . Retrieved 18 December 2021– via www.theguardian.com. Libya's Qaddafi taps 'fossil water' to irrigate desert farms". CSMonitor.com. 23 August 2010. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022 . Retrieved 19 July 2021. In 1999, Jamie Clarke became the first Westerner to cross the Empty Quarter of Arabia in fifty years. His team of six, guided by three Bedouins, spent 40 days crossing the desert with a caravan of 13 camels. [18] Sterry, Martin; Mattingly, David J. (26 March 2020). Urbanisation and State Formation in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond. Cambridge University Press. p.318. ISBN 9781108494441. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023 . Retrieved 24 May 2021.

The Libyco-Berber alphabet of the ancient Libyans of north Africa seems to have been based on Phoenician, and its descendant Tifinagh is still used today by the (Berber) Tuareg of the central Sahara.

When moisture-laden air hits a mountain range, it is forced to rise. The air then cools and forms clouds that drop moisture on the windward ( wind-facing) slopes. When the air moves over the mountaintop and begins to descend the leeward slopes, there is little moisture left. The descending air warms up, making it difficult for clouds to form. Yücekutlu, Nihal; Terzioğlu, Serpil; Saydam, Cemal; Bildacı, Işık (2011). "Organic Farming By Using Saharan Soil: Could It Be An Alternative To Fertilizers?" (PDF). Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry. 39 (1): 29–38 . Retrieved 23 March 2015. [ permanent dead link]

Wehr, Hans (1994). A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Arabic-English) (4thed.). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. p.589. ISBN 978-0-87950-003-0. After each flash, deep thunder rumbles through the desert. It echoes through canyons and valleys, surrounding you and emphasizing the desert’s vastness. The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert. [17] [18] It is located in the horse latitudes under the subtropical ridge, a significant belt of semi-permanent subtropical warm-core high pressure where the air from the upper troposphere usually descends, warming and drying the lower troposphere and preventing cloud formation. a b c d e f "Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund . Retrieved 22 August 2010. The Desert’s Night has rich stories and traditions that have fascinated indigenous people for ages. Indigenous desert cultures developed intricate star lore. They used the night sky as a celestial roadmap and wove stories around constellations for navigation and cultural identity.

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Sahara | Location, History, Map, Countries, Animals, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023 . Retrieved 16 April 2023.