Cocoa and Objective-C Cookbook

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Mac Donald JA (1934) Some effects of deficiencies of essential nutrient elements on the growth of young cacao plants. lCTA, Trinidad, 83–85 p Oke, D. O.; Odebiyi, K. A. (2007). "Traditional cocoa-based agroforestry and forest species conservation in Ondo State, Nigeria". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 122 (3): 305–311. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.022. The Philippine 2020 Cacao Challenge". Cacao Industry Development Association of Mindanao, Inc. (CIDAMi). Archived from the original on 13 February 2017 . Retrieved 13 February 2017. Cocoa is an amazing mother to all of her kids, despite M'Dear's bad assumptions about her parenting. Cocoa was a softer parent in the beginning of the series, but she starting making her kids more disciplined as the series went on. Climate change, coupled with pests, poor soil health, and the demand for sustainable cocoa, has led to a rapid decline in cocoa productivity, resulting in reduced income for smallholder cocoa farmers. [81] Severe droughts have led to soil fertility decline, causing a decrease in yields, and resulting in some farmers abandoning cocoa production. [82] [83]

Roasted nibs (pieces of kernels) are generally powdered and melted into chocolate liquor, but also inserted into chocolate bars to give additional "crunch". Chepote RE, Sodré GA, Reis EL, Pacheco RG, Marrocos PC, Valle RR (2013) Recomendações de corretivos e fertilizantes na cultura do cacaueiro no sul da Bahia. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil, 41 p

Eernstman T (1968) Chemical analysis of leaves and other organs of Theobroma cacao L. as a means of diagnosing fertilizer requirements. Crit Anal Lit 34:55 The seeds are the main ingredient of chocolate, while the pulp is used in some countries to prepare refreshing juice, smoothies, jelly, and cream. Usually discarded until practices changed in the 21st century, the fermented pulp may be distilled into an alcoholic beverage. [8] Each seed contains a significant amount of fat (40–50%) as cocoa butter. Viroux R, Jadin P (1993) Recherche d’une démarche pour une fertilisation minérale des cacaoyers en milieu rural. Café Cacao Thé 37(2):121–128 Ogunlade MO, Agbeniyi SO, Oluyole KA (2012) Increasing cocoa bean yield of small holder farms through cocoa pod husk based compost and NPK fertilizers in Cross River state, Nigeria. Paper presented at the 17th international cocoa research conference, Yaoundé (Cameroon), 15–20 Oct 2012 Bénac R, Dejardin J (1970) Essais d’engrais sur cacaoyers au Cameroun (région de Yaoundé). Café Cacao Thé 14(1):13–27

but does not appear to represent any larger linguistic pattern or have any particular obvious motivation beyond that, neither semantic nor euphonic. [5]) Hawksley, Humphrey (12 April 2001). "Mali's children in chocolate slavery". BBC News . Retrieved 2 January 2010. Adjehi C (2014) Projet vision for change (V4C): Pour Une Cacaoculture Durable en Cote d’Ivoire. Sustainable Cocoa Initiative. http://cocoasustainability.com/2012/11/projet-vision-for-change-v4c-pour-une-cacaoculture-durable-en-cote-divoire Criollo is particularly difficult to grow, as they are vulnerable to a variety of environmental threats and produce low yields of cocoa per tree. The flavor of Criollo is described as delicate yet complex, low in classic chocolate flavor, but rich in "secondary" notes of long duration. [21] Forastero [ edit ] Cunningham RK, Burridge JC (1960) The growth of cacao ( Theobroma cacao) with and without shade. Ann Bot, NS 24(96):458–462The cocoa bean contains several minerals necessary for vascular function. Dietary magnesium, copper, potassium, and calcium all reduce risk of hypertension and atherosclerosis ( 248). Pacheco RG, Almeida AAF, Sodré GA, Chepote RE, Araújo QR, Marrocos PCL (2005) Dry matter production and efficiency of phosphorus uptake by cacao clones after eight months of age. Paper presented at the XXX Brazilian Congress of Soil Science, Recifew (Brazil) Coe, Sophie D. (1994). America's First Cuisines. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-71155-7. Verlière G (1970) Influence de l’humidité du sol sur le développement du cacaoyer. Café, Cacao Thé 14(4):265–274

a b Powis, Terry G.; Hurst, W. Jeffrey; del Carmen Rodríguez, María; Ortíz C., Ponciano; Blake, Michael; Cheetham, David; Coe, Michael D.; Hodgson, John G. (December 2007). "Oldest chocolate in the New World". Antiquity. 81 (314). ISSN 0003-598X. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018 . Retrieved 15 February 2011. In 2018, world production of cocoa beans was 5.3million metric tons (5.8million short tons), led by Ivory Coast with 37% of the total. Other major producers were Ghana (18%) and Indonesia (11%). [23] Conservation [ edit ] Cacao flowers Theobroma cacao Wessel M (1971) Fertilizer requirements of cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) in South-Western Nigeria. Koninklijk Institut voor de Tropen, Wageningen, 104 p Flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and their oligomeric derivatives, procyanidins, have a variety of beneficial physiologic actions. Flavonoids have a number of properties that may contribute to their cardioprotective effects, including antioxidant and antiplatelet activity, immunoregulatory properties, and beneficial effects on the endothelium ( 42). The epicatechin content of cocoa is primarily responsible for its favorable impact on vascular endothelium, which is the result of both acute and chronic upregulation of nitric oxide production ( 222, 277). The combined catechin/epicatechin content in chocolate is 460–610mg/kg ( 150). Epicatechins improve vascular function, reduce BP, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce platelet activity ( 42). Epicatechin in cocoa quenches OH· 100 times more effectively than mannitol, a typical OH· scavenger ( 239). Oliver Balch (20 June 2018). "Child Labour: the true cost of chocolate production". Raconteur . Retrieved 7 January 2019.

Ambele, F. C.; Bisseleua Daghela, H. B.; Babalola, O. O.; Ekesi, S. (16 April 2018). "Soil-dwelling insect pests of tree crops in Sub-Saharan Africa, problems and management strategies-A review". Journal of Applied Entomology. Wiley. 142 (6): 539–552. doi: 10.1111/jen.12511. ISSN 0931-2048. S2CID 90875055. (HBBD ORCID: 0000-0002-2696-8859). (SE ORCID: 0000-0001-9787-1360). IDH (2014) Restoring soil fertility in West Africa, for a rejuvenated and economically viable cocoa sector. IDH, The sustainable trade initiative. http://www.idhsustainabletrade.com/Fertilzer Afrifa AA, Zaharah AR, Adu Ampomah Y, Appiah MR, Ofori-Frimpong K (2003) Use of 32P and 15N to determine the efficiency of utilization of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers in cocoa seedlings. Paper presented at the 14th international cocoa Research Conference, Accra (Ghana), 2003 Nieburg, Oliver (21 December 2015). " 'Devastating' impact of climate change on cocoa can't be ignored, says Rainforest Alliance". confectionerynews.com.

Chocolate Facts". 11 June 2005. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007 . Retrieved 12 November 2007. Balasimha D, Rajagopal V, Daniel EV, Nair RV, Bhagavan S (1988) Comparative drought tolerance of cacao accessions. Trop Agric 65:271–274 Objective-C adds Smalltalk-style objects and dynamic dispatch to C. However, it is a strict superset, so C code is directly callable. The various GUI components rely on the dynamic, reflective nature of Objective-C so cannot directly call C code. However, the whole toolkit is built around the model-view-controller paradigm. It is quite feasible to design your view in Interface Builder, write a thin shim of a controller in Objective-C that does little more than call appropriate C functions and write your model entirely in C. C code can call Objective-C code, so you can wrap as many of the system objects as you want. Cocoa powder, a powder made by removing most of the cocoa butter from ground cacao seeds, or its derivatives, such as Dutch process cocoaSantana MBM, Cabala-Rosand FP, De O Morais FI (1971) Effects of increasing levels of lime on some soils of cocoa growing region of Bahia. Revista Theobroma 1:17–28