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Historically, Russian athletes have been one of the most successful contenders in the Olympic Games. [517] Russia is the leading nation in rhythmic gymnastics; and Russian synchronised swimming is considered to be the world's best. [651] Figure skating is another popular sport in Russia, especially pair skating and ice dancing. [652] Russia has produced numerous prominent tennis players. [653] Chess is also a widely popular pastime in the nation, with many of the world's top chess players being Russian for decades. [654] The 1980 Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow, [655] and the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics were hosted in Sochi. [656] [657] However, Russia has also had 43 Olympic medals stripped from its athletes due to doping violations, which is the most of any country, and nearly a third of the global total. [658] See also Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–1881), one of the great novelists of all time, whose masterpieces include Crime and Punishment [573] Douka, K. (2019). "Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave". Nature. 565 (7741): 640–644. Bibcode: 2019Natur.565..640D. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0870-z. PMID 30700871. S2CID 59525455. a b c d e f g h i j k "Russia – The World Factbook". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency . Retrieved 4 March 2022.
Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,913 articles in the main category, and specifying |topic= will aid in categorization. During the Second World War, the white-blue-red tricolour was used by German collaborators, most of whom were from groups targeted by the repressions of the Stalin era, including anti-communist Christians and the remnants of the Kulaks, who generally regarded the German invasion as a liberation of Russia from communism. [28] [29] The Russian Liberation Army under the leadership of Andrey Vlasov used the tricolour during a military flag. [30] [31] The Soviet Union entered World War II on 17 September 1939 with its invasion of Poland, [130] in accordance with a secret protocol within the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany. [131] The Soviet Union later invaded Finland, [132] and occupied and annexed the Baltic states, [133] as well as parts of Romania. [134] :91–95 On 22 June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, [135] opening the Eastern Front, the largest theater of World WarII. [136] :7 After the October Revolution of 1917, the tricolour design was banned, and a definitive new flag of the Russian SFSR was introduced in 1954 (see flag of the Russian SFSR), and this remained the republic's flag until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. All of the Soviet republics' flags were created by introducing a small but noticeable change to the flag of the Soviet Union. For Russia, the change was an introduction of the left-hand blue band. The previous Soviet design was different, a plain red flag with different variants of the "RSFSR" abbreviation in the canton. Today, the Soviet flag is used by the supporters and members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.The President of Russia uses a Presidential Standard (Russian: Штандарт Президента), which was introduced via Presidential Decree No.319 on 15 February 1994, it is officially defined as the square tricolour with the coat of arms (in this case the double-headed eagle is depicted without the shield) in the middle. [47] [48] Unicode [ edit ]
The tricolour was used by the anticommunist forces during the Civil War called the White movement. It was continued to be used by White émigrés in various countries as the Russian flag. The tricolour was associated both in Soviet Russia as well as the Russian White emigre communities as symbolizing a traditional tsarist Orthodox Russia. This flag can be seen inside a few Orthodox churches in the West established by the Russian communities. In the Soviet Union, the tricolour was used in films set in the pre-revolutionary period and was seen as a historical flag, especially after the 1940s. Russia, by land area, is larger than the continents of Australia, Antarctica, and Europe; although it covers a large part of the latter itself. Its land area could be roughly compared to that of South America.a b Martin Krzywdzinski (2020). Consent and Control in the Authoritarian Workplace: Russia and China Compared. Oxford University Press. pp.252–. ISBN 978-0-19-252902-2. OCLC 1026492383. officially a democratic state with the rule of law, in practice an authoritarian dictatorship The Kurgan hypothesis places the Volga-Dnieper region of southern Russia and Ukraine as the urheimat of the Proto-Indo-Europeans. [43] Early Indo-European migrations from the Pontic–Caspian steppe of Ukraine and Russia spread Yamnaya ancestry and Indo-European languages across large parts of Eurasia. [44] [45] Nomadic pastoralism developed in the Pontic–Caspian steppe beginning in the Chalcolithic. [46] Remnants of these steppe civilizations were discovered in places such as Ipatovo, [46] Sintashta, [47] Arkaim, [48] and Pazyryk, [49] which bear the earliest known traces of horses in warfare. [47] The genetic makeup of speakers of the Uralic language family in northern Europe was shaped by migration from Siberia that began at least 3,500 years ago. [50] Russia is a secular state by constitution, and its largest religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, chiefly represented by the Russian Orthodox Church. [476] Orthodox Christianity, together with Islam, Buddhism, and Paganism (either preserved or revived), are recognised by Russian law as the traditional religions of the country, part of its "historical heritage". [477] [478]
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