Traditional Home and School Discipline

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Congress passed the Gun-Free Schools Act in 1994, signed by President Bill Clinton. It began the "zero tolerance" era in American public schools. Under zero tolerance, a student who violated school rules faced mandatory penalties, adopted from the " broken windows" theory of policing. Schools increasingly deployed police officers to monitor their halls. a b What is Positive School Discipline? (2013). Education Development Center. http://positiveschooldiscipline.promoteprevent.org/what-positive-school-discipline

Kuznia, Rob. "Racism in Schools: Unintentional But No Less Damaging." Pacific Standard, (pub. April 8, 2009, updated June 14, 2017), https://psmag.com/education/racism-in-schools-unintentional-3821.Arum, Richard (October 30, 2003). Judging School Discipline: The Crisis of Moral Authority. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01179-3.

Burger, C., Strohmeier, D., Kollerová, L. (2022). "Teachers can make a difference in bullying: Effects of teacher interventions on students' adoption of bully, victim, bully-victim or defender roles across time". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 51 (12): 2312–2327. doi: 10.1007/s10964-022-01674-6. ISSN 0047-2891. PMC 9596519. PMID 36053439. S2CID 252009527. Rawlinson, Kevin (September 28, 2018). " 'County lines' drug gangs recruit excluded schoolchildren – report". The Guardian. London . Retrieved October 1, 2018. In China, school corporal punishment was completely banned under the Article 29 of the Compulsory Education Act of the People's Republic of China, but in practice, beating by schoolteachers is still common, especially in rural areas.In China, long-time detention is perhaps less common than in the US, the UK, Ireland, Singapore, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and some other countries. However, short-time detention by the teachers is still common. Teachers may ask the students to do some missed work after school. a b Hirschfield, Paul J. "Preparing for Prison?: The Criminalization of School Discipline in the USA." Theoretical Criminology 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480607085795.