Secret Alliances: Special Operations and Intelligence in Norway 1940 1945

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Following the defeat of Napoleon, the alliance was formalised with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, on the 20th November 1815. The Quintuple Alliance (1818) Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Donetsk People's Republic [19] [20]

In Europe, during the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century, military alliances in particular were prevalent, as countries sought to defend themselves from possible aggressors close to home. Early Examples of the Alliance System One key event was when Russia only wanted to partially mobilise her army to threaten Austria-Hungary, but due to the practicalities of war, had to fully mobilise towards both Austria-Hungary and Germany. If the Dual Alliance and/or the Triple Alliance had not existed, then perhaps Russia would have risked partially mobilising, as the Tsar had initially intended. Generally, Secret Alliances is a serious account of activity for which, although in the end it was surprisingly peripheral, we can all be grateful. Thanks to men like Manus and Baalsrud, the Nazis were prevented from going nuclear.Sometimes this was just a move to isolate and starve their rivals. These alliances often did not last as they either collapsed when new leaders took over or were replaced by other alliances. Having lost out to the French in its attempts to establish a colony in Northern Africa, Italy sought to secure support against France in the future. They found this support in the Triple Alliance—a formal military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. It is worth noting that despite not being a formal military alliance, all three members of the Triple Entente entered the war as the Allied Powers and later agreed to only negotiate any future peace terms together as one. How Did Alliances Lead to WW1?

Another example was the relationship between France and Germany. As France and Russia were sworn enemies, this alliance gave some of the European states some protection. Historians over the years have tried to figure out who was really to blame for starting the war. Many historians today agree that Germany wanted to start the war. The German leaders felt that they were being surrounded by enemies (France, Russia) and that war was going to happen eventually. They felt that the sooner the war occurred, the better chance Germany had to win.

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Alliances arise from states’ attempts to maintain a balance of power with each other. In a system composed of a number of medium-size countries, such as that in Europe since the Middle Ages, no single state is able to establish a lasting hegemony over all the others, largely because the other states join together in alliances against it. Thus, the repeated attempts by King Louis XIV of France (reigned 1643–1715) to dominate continental Europe led to a coalition in opposition to France and eventually to the War of the Grand Alliance; and the ambitions of Napoleon were similarly thwarted by a series of alliances formed against him. First formed in 1813, Austria, Prussia and Russia also joined with Great Britain to form the Quadruple Alliance.

The Triple Entente (1907). This treaty consolidated the Entente Cordiale and the Anglo-Russian Entente into a three way agreement between Britain, France and Russia. Again, it was not a military alliance – however the three Ententes of 1904-7 were important because they marked the end of British neutrality and isolationism. A Venn diagram depicting the network of alliances in 19th and 20th century Europe A depiction of the two alliance blocs, each pulling against the other US, Papua New Guinea sign defence agreement as Modi pledges support for Pacific Islands". Reuters. 22 May 2023 . Retrieved 14 August 2023. Secret Alliances shines a light on a fascinating but little-known part of the war. Filled with new details and insight, it brings to life the drama of special operations and intelligence work in Norway, including the extent of SIS coast-watching, which provided significant coverage of the German fleet, especially the Tirpitz.” Gordon Corera, broadcaster and author of MI6: Life and Death in the British Secret Service

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South Korea-Japan Defense Pact [38] is a proposed alliance between South Korea & Japan in response to increased aggression from North Korea.

The most detailed and comprehensive study of wartime clandestine operations conducted in Norway yet published. Highly readable and thoroughly researched.” Nigel West, intelligence historian A Satirical Look at the Entente Cordiale – Germany pretends to be non-plussed by Britain and France’s new friendship. The Anglo-Russian Convention (1907) Alliances prevented larger, stronger states from waging war on the smaller, weaker states. In the 1700s, alliances were both a defence measure and a political instrument. It was not uncommon for kings and princes to form, reform, or restructure alliances in an attempt to benefit their interests. Japan-Philippines Defense Pact has been in negotiations due to rising political tensions in the Pacific. [36] [37]Norway is a vast country with largely inhospitable terrain. Hard enough to occupy, it proved even more challenging to penetrate while under Nazi rule.