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The topographical accuracy of the Bayonne and Berlin drawings led Morassi to assume that Guardi drew the scene in situ, closely observing the relationship between the various buildings. It is true of both the Louvre and Bayonne/Berlin drawings that the atmospheric light, created by the broadly applied wash, and the figures, formed with confident dabs of ink, recall Canaletto's early painting and drawing style and it is clear that Guardi was consciously imitating Canaletto's more youthful works. 12 It is also true that Guardi's early 'Canalettian' phase is indebted to the elder painter's early pictures, themselves characterised by a concentration on atmosphere and ephemeral weather conditions, rather thanto the more stilted and schematic style of Canaletto's output after his return to Venice from England in 1755, themoment Guardi was just starting out as a painter of vedute. We will continue to strengthen our cooperation with Canada in the Arctic to contribute to achieving shared objectives, allowing the UK to learn from Canada’s expertise as an Arctic nation. Kingdom of Denmark We are strengthening our joint military training, exercises and personnel exchange programmes with the US, with a particular focus on enhancing interoperability to ensure we are prepared to respond to any eventuality, including any that may occur in the Arctic region. In 2020, the UK recommenced routine naval operations in the High North alongside the US. Most recently, in March 2022, thousands of UK and US military personnel worked side-by-side in the ninth iteration of the multidomain Norway-led Exercise Cold Response 2022 and in May 2022, the UK and the US announced plans to coordinate more closely through our continued work between the Royal Navy and the US Coast Guard, including in the Arctic region.
The UK is today committing to play a key role in promoting stability and prosperity in the Arctic, as climate change triggers dramatic upheaval in the region. The pact will speed up the pace of climate action this decade, with countries requested to revisit and strengthen their emission reduction targets in 2022, as well as developed countries agreeing to double support for action on adapting to climate change by 2025. Climate change is devastating Arctic ecosystems and communities. Sea ice and the Greenland ice sheet are rapidly melting. Permafrost is thawing. And nature is already showing signs of struggling to adapt. Migratory patterns are already shifting. Climate change poses an existential threat to the Arctic as we know it, and to the people that live there, and changes in the Arctic will have implications for the rest of the world. The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) ‘Arctic Climate Change Update 2021 report’ [footnote 2] highlighted that the increase in Arctic annual mean surface temperature between 1971 and 2019 was three times higher than the increase in the global average during the same period. Further research has indicated the Arctic is now warming four times higher than the global average.The UK has been a State Observer to the Arctic Council since its first meeting, and our status was most recently reaffirmed at the 12th Ministerial meeting of the Arctic Council in Reykjavik in May 2021. The UK has continued to be represented at all of the Ministerial and Senior Arctic Official meetings, and we have participated actively in the Council’s work.
The Faroe Islands are also an important near neighbour and partner to the UK, with whom we share deep historical, cultural, and economic links. In 2019, we signed an FTA with the Faroe Islands, and in 2020 signed a Fisheries Framework Agreement which provides the platform for our annual bilateral fisheries negotiations. The UK continues to develop links with the Faroe Islands in areas including green energy transition, digital and transport connectivity, and sustainable tourism. The UK and Faroe Islands signed a Memorandum of Understanding on space launches in April 2020, with work ongoing with the Greenlandic Government to agree handling of launch debris in the waters around Greenland. The Arctic Council (*) remains the preeminent intergovernmental forum for cooperation in the Arctic. The UK has been an observer to the Council since its first meeting, and has contributed significant expertise to its work. un dipinto stupendo per la luce vivida, trasparente, per nitidezza di fattura"; Idem, vol. I, p. 233. In the western sky on Tuesday evening, Nov. 28, the very bright star Vega in the constellation of Lyra the Harp will be descending the western sky. (Image credit: Chris Vaughan/Starry Night) The brilliant planet Venus will continue to dominate the eastern pre-dawn sky during November, even while it slowly drops sunward. At the beginning of the month, the magnitude -4.4 " morning star" will rise in southeastern Leo at around 3:30 a.m. local time.
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On Wednesday evening, Nov. 29, sky-watchers east of the Mountain Time zone will have a special treat as the shadow of Io leads the Great Red Spot across Jupiter. At 5 p.m. EST (or 10:00 GMT) Io will begin to cross Jupiter — but its position alongside a dark belt will make seeing that moon difficult. Over a week starting on Sunday evening, Nov. 19, the waxing moon will visit four planets in succession — Saturn, Neptune, Jupiter, and Uranus. (Image credit: Chris Vaughan/Starry Night) You may also opt to downgrade to Standard Digital, a robust journalistic offering that fulfils many user’s needs. Compare Standard and Premium Digital here. The UK and Norway are NATO Allies and close partners. It is a partnership rooted in shared polar heritage and history, but remains bound by continuing common interest. In March 2021 the UK and Norway signed an updated High Level Arrangement on Cooperation on Polar Affairs. Commitments included to work to identify opportunities for increased cooperation on Polar research, to work together to highlight the implications of climate change on the Polar Regions, and to identify projects to support Arctic Council activities where UK/Norwegian bilateral endeavours would be appropriate and of mutual benefit. It will underpin the next decade of cooperation between our two countries. In the coming years we hope to see cooperation broaden to include new areas, such as space collaboration and a joint focus on marine litter.
On Monday, Nov. 13 Uranus will reach opposition — the night of the year when it is closest to Earth at a distance of 1.74 billion miles, 2.78 billion km, or 155 light-minutes. That corresponds to six by two full moon diameters! In a dark sky, M31 can be seen with your unaided eyes as a sizeable faint smudge located 1.4 fist diameters to the lower left (or 14 degrees to the celestial northeast) of Alpheratz, the star that occupies the lower left (northeastern) corner of the Great Square of Pegasus. The three higher (westernmost) stars of Cassiopeia, named Caph, Shedar, and Gamma Cas, also conveniently form an arrow that points toward M31. D. Succi, "Gli inizzi Vedutistici di Francesco Guardi, con Cenni sui Capricci", in Guardi. Metamorfosi dell'immagine, exhibition catalogue, Castello di Gorizia 1987, p. 60;
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Of course changes in the Arctic do also open up new commercial avenues. And the people of the Arctic should benefit from those opportunities. Musée Bonnat, Bayonne, inv. 1241; 258 by 371 mm.; Kupferstichkabinett, Berlin, inv. 4206; 264 by 389 mm., both ink and sepia wash on paper. See Morassi, 1975, pp. 144-45, cat. nos. 371 and 276, reproduced figs. 373 and 374. UK science has played a key role in building our understanding of the Arctic. In terms of published research, UK-based scientists are ranked first among non-Arctic states in the number of published articles. J. Byam Shaw, "Guardi at the Royal Academy", in The Burlington Magazine, vol. XCVII, no. 622, January 1955, p. 15, a detail reproduced fig. 17;
A significant number of UK based researchers visit Greenland to conduct Arctic science and humanities research (such as for the Iceland-Greenland Seas project (2016-2020)). Several UK research institutions enjoy academic collaborations with scientific institutions in all parts of the Kingdom of Denmark, including the Greenland Climate Research Centre, to increase our understanding of the Arctic climate. To further enhance our cooperation, the UK recently launched a research bursary programme (2023-2024) to support joint research projects in Greenland. The programme will enable new collaborations between both research communities across Arctic science disciplines, and provide access to fieldwork, infrastructure and data sets, while empowering Indigenous communities as researchers and delivery partners. Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine last year has fundamentally undermined the peaceful co-operation and low tension that has characterised the 8-member Arctic Council – to which the UK is a State Observer – since its inception in 1996.
we will continue to support the existing legal framework and constructive international cooperation in the region delicate, and thin places show casual rough early wear in some lower parts of the painting, sometimes side by side with patches of well-preserved paint. The fine, dark linear details of the architecture and rigging are always the most fragile, and tend to be thin in the shadows, though along the roof tops much delicate detail is still crisp and unworn. Only the brightest stars are visible to our unaided eyes on moonlit-flooded nights. In the western sky on Tuesday evening, Nov. 28, the very bright star Vega in the constellation of Lyra the Harp will be descending the western sky. At magnitude 0.0, it's the 5th brightest star in the entire sky (not counting our sun).
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