Filmed in Supermarionation / This is Supermarionation [Blu-ray]

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Rogers, Dave; Marriott, John; Drake, Chris; Bassett, Graeme (1993). Supermarionation Classics: Stingray, Thunderbirds and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons. London, UK: Boxtree. ISBN 978-1-85283-900-0. X-20, the shrewd, ruthless earth spy of the underwater race, the Titans. His apparently innocent home can be changed be pressing buttons, into a fantastic scientific establishment from which he can make direct contract with the underwater continent. Halifax Ad Campaign – Lady Penelope, Parker, and Brains returned to screens to advertise the services of Halifax bank. a b Ceffer, Lou (2 February 2013). "Remembering Gerry Anderson, known as the British Walt Disney". spyhollywood.com. SPY World Media. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019 . Retrieved 22 September 2019.

Filmed in Supermarionation – A feature length documentary about the history of the art form hosted by the characters of Lady Penelope, Parker, Brains, and Scott Tracy. a b c d e Lewis, Jon E.; Stempel, Penny (1996) [1993]. Cult TV: The Essential Critical Guide. London, UK: Pavilion Books. pp.175–176. ISBN 9781857939262.a b c d e f Thom, Emma (27 December 2012). "Supermarionation: Gerry Anderson, A Life in Puppetry". blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk. Bradford, UK: National Science and Media Museum. Archived from the original on 24 June 2018 . Retrieved 21 August 2019. Anderson, Gerry (25 April 2002). "The Godfather of Thunderbirds". BBC Breakfast (Interview). Interviewed by Turnbull, Bill; Raworth, Sophie. London: BBC News. Archived from the original on 1 July 2004 . Retrieved 3 December 2009. Gil, Steven (2015). Science Wars through the Stargate: Explorations of Science and Society in Stargate SG-1. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p.48. ISBN 978-1-4422-5619-4. Apparently, Century 21 stills photographer Doug Luke was interviewed for the documentary, but is neither on it nor the deleted scenes. [5] Reception [ edit ]

Braxton, Mark (18 February 2019). " Endeavour episode 'Apollo' is a love letter to the Supermarionation style of Thunderbirds and Stingray". Radio Times. London, UK: Immediate Media Company. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019 . Retrieved 22 September 2019. Dale, Chris (28 January 2021). "Supermarionation at 60". networkonair.com. Network Distributing. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021 . Retrieved 27 April 2021.Team America: World Police, a 2004 puppet film by South Park creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone, was inspired by Thunderbirds and has been described as an imitation or spoof of Supermarionation productions. [9] [10] [11] [132] Stone and Parker dubbed their filming process "Supercrappymation" (or "Supercrappynation") as the wires were deliberately left visible. [133] [134] [135] [136] After Torchy, APF severed ties with Leigh and produced its first independent series, Four Feather Falls, with funding from Granada. [33] The puppets' heads were now made as hollow fibreglass shells, the strings had been replaced with fine tungsten steel wires and the hinged jaw had given way to an electronic lip-sync mechanism designed by Hill and Read. [34] [35] [36] Lip-syncing was a key step in the development of Supermarionation, and as such Four Feather Falls is regarded by some sources as the first Supermarionation production. [37] The mechanism made it easier for the puppeteers to operate the marionettes in time with their dialogue as it was no longer necessary to learn the characters' lines. [31] [32] According to Anderson, as exaggerated movements were no longer needed, the puppets were finally able to speak "without their heads lolling about a like a broken toy." [32] By now the puppeteers' movements were guided using a basic form of video assist: a TV camera mounted directly behind the film camera, which relayed footage to various monitors around the studio. [38] [39] CAPTAIN TROY TEMPEST, commander of Stingray, strikingly handsome, fearless, conscientious and everything a man should be. He has dark brown hair and the clearest of blue eyes. His voice is spoken by Don Mason. Gallaher, Valerie (26 December 2012). "Gerry Anderson, Thunderbirds Creator, Passes Away". mtv.com. Viacom International. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020 . Retrieved 8 May 2020. MARINA, a dumb beauty who really is dumb, but not in the accepted sense of the word. She is a lovely girl from an under-ocean continent whose race has never learned to speak. She understands what is said to her, however, and makes herself understood by the expressive use of her hands. After being captured and made slave by the leader of an underwater city, she escapes with Troy Tempest and becomes his devoted aide, accompanying him on most of his adventures. She is a lithe, beautiful creature, far more human than fish, with a perfectly shaped human body. Her hair is green, long, silky and glistening. Her eyes, too, are green. She is in love with Troy, but she has a rival.

Noting that Gerry Anderson would have preferred to make live-action productions instead of puppet series, Percy argues that his style of filming was developed to "make the puppet film as 'respectable' as possible". She also comments that APF's filming techniques "would not only result in a level of quality and sophistication not seen before in a family show, but also give birth to some of the most iconic series in the history of British children's television." [50] Garland describes the underlying theme of Anderson's work as a "self-reflexive obsession with an aesthetic of realism (or more accurately a surface realism often associated with naturalism) borne of an unfulfilled desire to make live-action films for adults", further commenting that Anderson's typecasting as a puppet TV creator "led him on a lifelong quest to perfect a simulation of reality". He notes that Anderson's involvement with puppets began at a time when Western puppet theatre "had become increasingly marginalised to a niche, to an association with children's entertainment", and that APF's productions used an "aesthetic of incremental realism" to appeal to children and adults alike (a target audience that the Andersons referred to as " kidult"). [112] Garland suggests that this drive towards increased realism echoed "19th-century marionette theatre's own attempts to distinguish itself from other forms of puppetry (especially glove puppets), which also involved a tethering to the newly-emergent realist aesthetic across the arts". [113] Successor techniques [ edit ] Payne, Samuel (14 May 2016). " Thunderbirds 1965 Blu-ray Review". entertainment-focus.com. Piñata Media. Archived from the original on 16 September 2019 . Retrieved 16 September 2019.a b c d Percy, Carolyn (5 April 2017). Raymond, Gary; Morris, Phil (eds.). "The Life and Work of Gerry Anderson: Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour!". Wales Arts Review. Archived from the original on 6 October 2017 . Retrieved 1 July 2018. Clements, Jonathan; Tamamuro, Motoko (2003). The Dorama Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese TV Drama Since 1953. Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 1-880656-81-7. The puppets mostly kept their pre- Captain Scarlet body proportions, although heads and hands were made slightly smaller. [106] First production to feature extensive location shooting. [107] The placement of the lip-sync mechanism dictated the puppets' body proportions. [57] For all Supermarionation series up to Thunderbirds, the solenoid was located in the head. This meant that the head was oversized in relation to the rest of the body; the latter could not be scaled up to match as this would have made the puppets too bulky to operate effectively, besides requiring all of the set elements to be enlarged accordingly. [57] [58] According to commentator David Garland, the disproportion was influenced partly by "aesthetic considerations ... the theory being that the head carried the puppet's personality". [59] It resulted in many puppets developing caricatured appearances, though Anderson stated that this was not intentional. [59] [60] Captain Scarlet: puppet re-design [ edit ] In 1983, Gerry Anderson returned to puppetry with his independent science-fiction TV series Terrahawks. The characters of this series were made as three-foot-tall (0.91m) rubber hand puppets, operated from the studio floor in a process called "Supermacromation". [46] [114] This was similar to the techniques employed by American puppeteer Jim Henson. [50]

Bentley, Chris (2008) [2001]. The Complete Gerry Anderson: The Authorised Episode Guide (4thed.). London, UK: Reynolds & Hearn. ISBN 978-1-905287-74-1. a b c Thomson, Iain (26 December 2012). " Thunderbirds, Captain Scarlet creator Gerry Anderson dies at 83". theregister.co.uk. Situation Publishing. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017 . Retrieved 17 May 2020.APF's first colour series. First production on which puppets' facial expressions could be varied: main characters could now be fitted with "smiler" and "frowner" heads. For greater realism, poseable hands and glass eyes (bearing miniature prints of real human eyes) were also introduced. [101] [102] The Japanese series Aerial City 008 (1969) and X-Bomber (1980) also featured Supermarionation-style puppets, [129] [130] with the latter of the two referring to its filming style as 'Supermariorama' in reference to Supermarionation. In South Africa, similar techniques were used to make Interster (1982–86). The American puppet series Super Adventure Team (1998) was created in imitation of Supermarionation but with more adult themes and suggestive situations. [131]