Jurassic Kites Realistic and unique Pterodactyl Kite.

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Galton, Peter M.; Carpenter, Kenneth (2016). "The plated dinosaur Stegosaurus longispinus Gilmore, 1914 (Dinosauria: Ornithischia; Upper Jurassic, western USA), type species of Alcovasaurus n. gen". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 279 (2): 185–208. doi: 10.1127/njgpa/2016/0551. Galton, PM (1981). " Craterosaurus pottonensis Seeley, a stegosaurian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of England, and a review of Cretaceous stegosaurs". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 161 (1): 28–46.

Stegosaurus mjosi was described as Hesperosaurus mjosi by Carpenter et al in 2001 based on a partial skull and incomplete postcranial skeleton from the Morrison Formation of Johnson County, Wyoming. The species was referred to Stegosaurus mostly by Maidment et al starting in 2008, [67] [22] but Hesperosaurus has been the more popular combination since the discovery of more remains. [68] Stegosaurus "affinis", named by Marsh in 1881, is only known from a pubis which has since been lost. Because Marsh did not provide an adequate description of the bone with which to distinguish a new species, this name is considered a nomen nudum. [7] Many of the species initially described have since been considered to be invalid or synonymous with earlier named species, [5] leaving two well-known and one poorly known species. Confirmed Stegosaurus remains have been found in the Morrison Formation's stratigraphic zones 2–6, with additional remains possibly referrable to Stegosaurus recovered from stratigraphic zone 1. [55] Rajewski, Genevieve (May 2008). "Where Dinosaurs Roamed". Smithsonian: 20–24. Archived from the original on October 15, 2009 . Retrieved April 30, 2008.Reichel, Miriam (2010). "A model for the bite mechanics in the herbivorous dinosaur Stegosaurus (Ornithischia, Stegosauridae)". Swiss Journal of Geosciences. 103 (2): 235–240. doi: 10.1007/s00015-010-0025-1. S2CID 84869720. Farlow JO, Thompson CV, Rosner DE (1976). "Plates of the dinosaur Stegosaurus:Forced convection heat loss fins?". Science. 192 (4244): 1123–25. Bibcode: 1976Sci...192.1123F. doi: 10.1126/science.192.4244.1123. PMID 17748675. S2CID 44506996. Brown, Barnum (November–December 1932). "A Spine-Armored Saurian of the Past". Natural History. 32 (6): 493–496. Maidment, S. C. (2010). Stegosauria: a historical review of the body fossil record and phylogenetic relationships. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 103(2), 199-210. Chure, Daniel J.; Litwin, Ron; Hasiotis, Stephen T.; Evanoff, Emmett; and Carpenter, Kenneth (2006). "The fauna and flora of the Morrison Formation: 2006". In Foster, John R.; and Lucas, Spencer G. (eds.). Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36. Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. pp. 233–248.

Dong, Z. M. (1973). Dinosaurs from Wuerho. Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Memoir, 11, 45-52. Maidment, Susannah C. R.; Woodruff, D. Cary; Horner, John R. (January 2, 2018). "A new specimen of the ornithischian dinosaur Hesperosaurus mjosi from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana, U.S.A., and implications for growth and size in Morrison stegosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (1): e1406366. Bibcode: 2018JVPal..38E6366M. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2017.1406366. hdl: 10141/622747. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 90752660. Anonymous (1878). "Decree of the President No. 11,735". Bulletin des lois de la République Française. 17: 922. a b Fastovsky, David E. & Weishampel, David B. (2009). Dinosaurs: A Concise Natural History. Cambridge, GBR: Cambridge University Press. pp.89–90. ISBN 978-0-511-47789-8. Barrett, PM (2001). "Tooth wear and possible jaw action of Scelidosaurus harrisoni, and a review of feeding mechanisms in other thyreophoran dinosaurs". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.). The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press. pp.25–52. ISBN 978-0-253-33964-5.Norman, David (2001). " Scelidosaurus, the earliest complete dinosaur" in The Armored Dinosaurs, pp 3-24. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33964-2. Soon after its discovery, Marsh considered Stegosaurus to have been bipedal, due to its short forelimbs. [69] He had changed his mind, however, by 1891, after considering the heavy build of the animal. [11]

This space, however, is more likely to have served other purposes. The sacro-lumbar expansion is not unique to stegosaurs, nor even ornithischians. It is also present in birds. In their case, it contains what is called the glycogen body, a structure whose function is not definitely known, but which is postulated to facilitate the supply of glycogen to the animal's nervous system. [97] It also may function as a balance organ, or reservoir of compounds to support the nervous system. [98] Paleoecology [ edit ] Footprints of an adult and juvenile from the Morrison Formation

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Diracodon laticeps was described by Marsh in 1881, from some jawbone fragments. [58] Bakker resurrected D. laticeps in 1986 as a senior synonym of S. stenops, [59] although others note that the material is not diagnostic and is only referable to Stegosaurus sp., making it a nomen dubium. [5] Senter, Phil (2010). "Evidence for a Sauropod-Like Metacarpal Configuration in Stegosaurian Dinosaurs" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (3): 427–432. doi: 10.4202/app.2009.1105. S2CID 53328847. Dodson, Peter; Behrensmeyer, A.K.; Bakker, Robert T.; McIntosh, John S. (Spring 1980). "Taphonomy and paleoecology of the dinosaur beds of the Jurassic Morrison Formation". Paleobiology. Cambridge University Press. 6 (2): 208–232. doi: 10.1017/S0094837300025768. JSTOR 2400253. Wiemann, J.; Menéndez, I.; Crawford, J.M.; Fabbri, M.; Gauthier, J.A.; Hull, P.M.; Norell, M.A.; Briggs, D.E.G. (2022). "Fossil biomolecules reveal an avian metabolism in the ancestral dinosaur". Nature. 606 (7914): 522–526. Bibcode: 2022Natur.606..522W. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04770-6. PMID 35614213. S2CID 249064466.

Kenneth Carpenter; Dan Chure; James Ian Kirkland; Denver Museum of Natural History (1998). The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation: an interdisciplinary study Part 2. Taylor & Francis. p.137. ISBN 978-90-5699-183-8. Most of the information known about Stegosaurus comes from the remains of mature animals; more recently, though, juvenile remains of Stegosaurus have been found. One subadult specimen, discovered in 1994 in Wyoming, is 4.6m (15.1ft) long and 2m (6.6ft) high, and is estimated to have weighed 1.5-2.2metric tons (1.6-2.4short tons) [35] while alive. It is on display in the University of Wyoming Geological Museum. [36] Skull [ edit ] S.stenops skull cast, Natural History Museum of Utah

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Like the spikes and shields of ankylosaurs, the bony plates and spines of stegosaurians evolved from the low-keeled osteoderms characteristic of basal thyreophorans. [47] Galton (2019) interpreted plates of an armored dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic ( Sinemurian- Pliensbachian) Lower Kota Formation of India as fossils of a member of Ankylosauria; the author argued that this finding indicates a probable early Early Jurassic origin for both Ankylosauria and its sister group Stegosauria. [48] a b c d e f g h i Maidment, S. C. R.; Brassey, Charlotte; Barrett, Paul Michael (2015). "The Postcranial Skeleton of an Exceptionally Complete Individual of the Plated Dinosaur Stegosaurus stenops (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A." PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0138352. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1038352M. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138352. PMC 4605687. PMID 26466098.