The Compact Oxford English Dictionary

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Electronic versions [ edit ] A screenshot of the first version of the OED second edition CD-ROM software OED2 4th Edition CD-ROM Winchester, Simon (27 May 2007). "History of the Oxford English Dictionary". TVOntario (Podcast). Big Ideas. Archived from the original ( MP3) on 16 February 2008 . Retrieved 1 December 2007. Burchfield emphasized the inclusion of modern-day language and, through the supplement, the dictionary was expanded to include a wealth of new words from the burgeoning fields of science and technology, as well as popular culture and colloquial speech. Burchfield said that he broadened the scope to include developments of the language in English-speaking regions beyond the United Kingdom, including North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, and the Caribbean. Burchfield also removed, for unknown reasons, many entries that had been added to the 1933 supplement. [33] In 2012, an analysis by lexicographer Sarah Ogilvie revealed that many of these entries were in fact foreign loanwords, despite Burchfield's claim that he included more such words. The proportion was estimated from a sample calculation to amount to 17% of the foreign loan words and words from regional forms of English. Some of these had only a single recorded usage, but many had multiple recorded citations, and it ran against what was thought to be the established OED editorial practice and a perception that he had opened up the dictionary to "World English". [34] [35] [36] Revised American edition [ edit ]

Winchester, Simon (28 May 2011). "A Verb for Our Frantic Time". The New York Times . Retrieved 26 December 2013.

Understanding entries

To expedite work on the Dictionary, a second editor was appointed to work alongside Murray. His name was Henry Bradley, and he was later joined by two other co-editors, William Craigie, and Charles Onions. Each of them worked on different sections of the alphabet with their own teams of assistants, eventually all working in what is now Oxford’s History of Science Museum, while Murray and his team continued toiling away in the Scriptorium. The four editors and their staff worked steadily, producing fascicle after fascicle, until finally, in April 1928, the last part was published to critical acclaim.

Burnett, Lesley S. (1986). "Making it short: The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary" (PDF). ZuriLEX '86 Proceedings: 229–233 . Retrieved 7 June 2014. The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM Version 4.0 Windows/Mac Individual User Version". Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009 . Retrieved 26 December 2013. Murray resisted the second demand: that if he could not meet schedule, he must hire a second, senior editor to work in parallel to him, outside his supervision, on words from elsewhere in the alphabet. Murray did not want to share the work, feeling that he would accelerate his work pace with experience. That turned out not to be so, and Philip Gell of the OUP forced the promotion of Murray's assistant Henry Bradley (hired by Murray in 1884), who worked independently in the British Museum in London beginning in 1888. In 1896, Bradley moved to Oxford University. [20]An exhilarating aspect of a living language is that it continually changes. This means that no dictionary is ever really finished. After fifty years of work on the first iteration of the Dictionary, the editors must have found this exhausting to contemplate. Nevertheless, as soon as the original ten volumes were completed, the remaining two editors, Craigie, and Onions, began to compile a single-volume Supplement to the Dictionary, published in 1933. At the same time, the First Edition was re-issued in twelve volumes and the work was formally given its current title – the Oxford English Dictionary.

a b c "Preface to the Second Edition: The history of the Oxford English Dictionary: The New Oxford English Dictionary project". Oxford English Dictionary Online. 1989. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008 . Retrieved 16 May 2008. Writing academic essays and research papers can be more complex than it already is when you don’t know how to cite the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). New, Juliet (23 March 2000). " 'The world's greatest dictionary' goes online". Ariadne. ISSN 1361-3200. Archived from the original on 5 April 2007 . Retrieved 18 March 2007. The most significant is that MLA (Modern Language Association) is used for arts and humanities while APA (American Psychology Association) is for social science. Once you determine which style you need to use, you’re on your way to writing an academic essay! How To Cite The Oxford English Dictionary Using MLA 9th Edition Library Database Known AuthorReading Programme". Oxford English Dictionary Online. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014 . Retrieved 8 June 2014. By 1989, the NOED project had achieved its primary goals, and the editors, working online, had successfully combined the original text, Burchfield's supplement, and a small amount of newer material, into a single unified dictionary. The word "new" was again dropped from the name, and the second edition of the OED, or the OED2, was published. The first edition retronymically became the OED1. Wordhunt was a 2005 appeal to the general public for help in providing citations for 50 selected recent words, and produced antedatings for many. The results were reported in a BBC TV series, Balderdash and Piffle. The OED 's readers contribute quotations: the department currently receives about 200,000 a year. [67] Wright, Joseph (1 February 1898). "The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years;". London [etc.]: H. Frowde; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons – via the Internet Archive. The Oxford English Dictionary". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011 . Retrieved 26 May 2015.

In the 1990’s, work began on a comprehensive revision of the OED. The aim was to create a completely updated text, with each entry being comprehensively reviewed in light of new documentary evidence and modern developments in scholarship, alongside the creation of new entries. This was the first time that material written by James Murray and his contemporaries had been edited since the First Edition was completed in 1928. Gilliver, Peter (2013). "Thoughts on Writing a History of the Oxford English Dictionary". Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America. 34: 175–183. doi: 10.1353/dic.2013.0011. S2CID 143763718. John Simpson, Chief Editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, to Retire". Oxford English Dictionary Online. 23 April 2013. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017 . Retrieved 7 June 2014. Additional material for a given letter range continued to be gathered after the corresponding fascicle was printed, with a view towards inclusion in a supplement or revised edition. A one-volume supplement of such material was published in 1933, with entries weighted towards the start of the alphabet where the fascicles were decades old. [19] The supplement included at least one word ( bondmaid) accidentally omitted when its slips were misplaced; [27] many words and senses newly coined (famously appendicitis, coined in 1886 and missing from the 1885 fascicle, which came to prominence when Edward VII's 1902 appendicitis postponed his coronation [28]); and some previously excluded as too obscure (notoriously radium, omitted in 1903, months before its discoverers Pierre and Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Physics. [29]). Also in 1933 the original fascicles of the entire dictionary were re-issued, bound into 12 volumes, under the title " The Oxford English Dictionary". [30] This edition of 13 volumes including the supplement was subsequently reprinted in 1961 and 1970.

The historical English dictionary

Simpson, John (2002). "The Revolution in English Lexicography". Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America. 23: 1–15. doi: 10.1353/dic.2002.0004. S2CID 162931774. Looking Forward to an Oxford English Dictionary API". Webometric Thoughts. 21 August 2009. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014 . Retrieved 7 June 2014. Winchester, Simon (1998), "The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary", Bulletin of the World Health Organization (hardcover), HarperCollins, 79 (6): 579, ISBN 978-0-06-017596-2, PMC 2566457