The Nature of Code: Simulating Natural Systems with Processing

Product Information

To eliminate (or at least greatly reduce) the sense of smell, OSNs were chemically ablated based on established methods 48, 92. In brief, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane after which a blunted 33-gauge needle was used to administer 20 μl of ZnSO4 (10 % in sterile H 2O) in both nostrils. Previous work has shown that this leads to the rapid death of OSNs 48, 92. After intranasally administering the chemical, mice were inverted to drain the excess fluid from the nasal cavity. Behavioral and electrophysiological recordings were carried out at least 24 h following OSN ablation. 2-Chamber olfactory test Upon placing blind adult rd1 mice in the open-field environment, we found robust HD cell tuning (Fig. 1b; n = 151 HD cells recorded from 13 animals, with 80.7% of recorded cells in ADn defined as HD cells; see Methods). Similar to what has been described for sighted animals, we found that rd1 mice evenly sampled all angular directions in the environment and possessed HD cells that exhibited preferred firing directions that spanned all head directions (Fig. 1c). Here is an excerpt from my article titled How Frequency and Vibration Create Sacred Geometry and the Structures of Matter and Life that explains this process a little deeper: Best of the Web: Ancient Sumerians invented water flumes thousands of years earlier than previously thought

We next tested the stability of HD cells in blind mice and the extent to which their HD cell network was able to reliably encode head direction. First, we found that the preferred direction of HD cells remained stable over a single 10 min recording session (Fig. 1d), and across repeated exposure to the same arena (Fig. 1e), with levels of stability similar to what we found for sighted animals in the light (Supplementary Fig. 1). Next, we examined whether the HD cell network in ADn of blind mice was providing a reliable readout of the animal’s head direction by performing a decoding analysis 41, 42. We found that simultaneously recorded cells provided robust and stable decoding of HD (Fig. 1f). Therefore, in blind rd1 mice, HD cells are highly tuned and provide an accurate readout of head direction. World's biggest iceberg starts moving for first time in decades — and it could cause some serious problems

Welcome to The Nature of Code 2.0 in 2020 (p5.js!)

where HD actual and HD iso refers to the actual and Isomap decoded HD, respectively. Next, the angular difference over time was unwrapped and smoothed with a Gaussian kernel (s.d. = 2), from which drift was computed as the absolute average rate of change (Fig. 7e). The shuffles shown in Fig. 7j were computed by correlating the AHV of each animal to the ADV of all other animals to generate a null distribution of AHV vs ADV correlations. Quantification of ADn units Chaos at Congressional Halloween party: House Republicans all show up wearing identical clown costumes The idea that we live in a holographic universe is very real. With the invention of quantum computers, physicists should soon be able to prove this beyond a reasonable doubt. So, what does it mean that we live in a holographic universe generated by some kind of quantum computer? It means that the Universe was created by an intelligent creator, and therefore it was not created by accident. In other words, the Prime Creator exists!

Best of the Web: I've studied more than 5,000 near death experiences. My research has convinced me without a doubt that there's life after death where I refers to the information content in bits/spike , P j is the probability of occupying bin j, λ j is the mean firing rate in bin j, and λ is the in-session mean firing rate of the cell. Preferred firing direction (PFD): Similar to Lozano et al. 97, PFD was defined as the angular bin with the highest normalized spike counts, whereas the mean PFD refers to the circular mean of angles. In Fig. 1e, stability was assessed based on the circular correlations of mean PFDs of exposure 1 and 2 across all recorded animals. Circular statistics were computed using the astropy module (v5.1) in Python. Intraclass correlation (ICC) Contraceptives may slow brain development and increase risk-taking behavior in teens, study suggests SOTT Focus: MindMatters: Psychedelics, Sobriety, and Altered States: Processing Reality with John Buchanan Hubel and Wiesel discovered a critical period during development for ocular dominance plasticity in the visual cortex 66, and similar critical periods have been shown to exist for many other sensory systems and behaviors 67. Here, we provide evidence of a critical period in the refinement and maturation of the HD system in ADn that depends on visual inputs in the period shortly after eye-opening—the evidence being that rd1 mice, who have attenuated vision upon eye-opening before going blind around P30 40, 47, have more refined HD cell tuning as adults than congenitally blind Gnat1/2 mut mice. Both rd1 and Gnat1/2 mut mice go blind due to problems with retinal photoreceptors. rd1 mice go blind as a result of photoreceptor degeneration caused by a mutation in phosphodiesterase in rod photoreceptors (due to a mutation of the Pde6B gene), which initially leads to rod death followed by cone death, and this is a commonly used mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa 39. Gnat1/2 mut mice are blind as a result of mutations in both rod and cone forms of the alpha subunit of the G-protein transducin (due to mutations in both Gnat1 and Gnat2 genes), resulting in nonfunctioning rod and cone photoreceptors (see Methods). As the mutated genes in both mouse lines are predominantly expressed in photoreceptors, it is likely that the difference in HD cell tuning in blind adult Gnat1/2 mut vs. rd1 mice is a direct result of the timing of the onset of vision loss (congenital vs. ~P30). We thus propose that vision around the time of eye-opening allows the HD cell system to stabilize (i.e., upon eye-opening, vision enables HD cells to exhibit heightened stability in their preferred direction tuning 29, 30), and this stability results in refinement and maturation of the HD network, such that though both rd1 and Gnat1/2 mut are equally blind as adults, rd1 mice have more refined HD cell tuning. These findings are consistent with multisensory studies in the superior colliculus, which showed the importance of vision during development for enabling the generation of normal auditory space maps 43, 44, 68. Attractor dynamics in the presence and absence of anchoring external sensory inputsWe find that—for normally sighted and blind animals—the removal of both visual and olfactory inputs causes the ‘hill of activity’ within HD attractor network to drift independently from the animal’s true head direction (i.e. the preferred direction of all simultaneously recorded cells drifts coherently). For some animals, there was a significant correlation between angular head velocity and angular drift velocity of PFDs. Furthermore, we found that in the absence of vision and olfaction, the decoded angular velocity (AHV) under-signaled the true AHV. The Jews and Boris Johnson: Zelensky's top political ally looking for scapegoats as Ukrainian elites begin to accept the war is lost Theoretical physicist, Dr. James Gates, Jr. The idea that we live in a holographic universe that uses a form of quantum "computer code" to create the physical reality is not a new idea. In the 1940s, some physicists suggested that we live in a "computer generated" universe. In the video at the end of this article, physicists James Gates talks about this form of computer code, which he refers to as "adinkras". where \({\sigma }_{b} Archaeologists unearthed a pot of copper coins in first major discovery at Mohenjo Daro in Pakistan, in 93 years

Next Pandemic Propaganda: The "Big One," Nipah, Ebola and Marburg, SARS1, Machupo, "Vampire Virus", Disease X Retired US Army Colonel says secret UFO projects should be made public by October 2030 - to beat America's rivals and get ahead of a 'catastrophic' leak The simple process of using binary codes to create things within the hardware of computers is very similar to how Creation creates our external reality or material world. The material world works very similar to a virtual reality. At its core, the material world is made of only light (energy) that flashes on and off to create energy codes. UK suffering highest gonorrhea cases since records began 100 years ago, NHS dept pushes for vaccine program Aside from visual and olfactory inputs, our results rule out a contribution of vibrissal signals in stabilizing HD cell tuning within our specific experimental environment, consistent with recent findings from the somatosensory cortex 38. Nonetheless, one can imagine that in a different environmental context (e.g., where the walls or object contours provide useful spatial information) that the vibrissal system could possibly affect HD cell tuning. Next, since our experiments were done in the presence of white noise, we did not directly test possible auditory control of HD cell tuning. As such, future studies will be required to test for the possible use of auditory cues in stabilizing HD cell tuning in blind mice, though previous work in blindfolded rats suggests that auditory cues do not exert a strong effect on HD cell tuning 31. However, it should be noted that a recent study found that some mice can echolocate 53. Olfaction, HD cell tuning, and cognitive maps

Coronavirus fragments can persist in the body of a person for up to a year: an estimated 65 million people worldwide suffer from the consequences Working on a branch of physics called supersymmetry, Dr. James Gates Jr., discovered what he describes as the presence of what appear to resemble a form of computer code, called error correcting codes, embedded within, or resulting from, the equations of supersymmetry that describe fundamental particles.

Full size image The vibrissal system is not required for head direction cell tuning in blind animals in the open-field environment Best of the Web: Gunung Padang: Giant pyramid buried in Indonesia could be oldest in the world, initial construction began 27,000 years agoNext, we compared several metrics for HD cell responses between blind and sighted mice. For vector length, tuning width, and mutual information, each group of mice was statistically different from one another, demonstrating the following hierarchy in HD tuning refinement: WT L> rd1 > WT D (Fig. 2c; Supplementary Fig. 2a, b). Furthermore, if we limited our analysis in WT animals to HD cells that were recorded in both light and dark environments, and performed paired statistical tests, we found a similar relationship with HD tuning being significantly impaired for WT animals in the dark compared to the light (Supplementary Fig. 2c). Thus, sighted mice exhibit significant impairment in HD cell tuning when placed in the dark, with a level of impairment much more severe than is seen in blind animals, for whom HD cell tuning—although slightly less refined than in sighted animals in the light—is robust and stable. Prior visual experience leads to refined HD cell tuning in blind adult mice where dir represents the set of possible angular head directions, and spk represents the spike counts of simultaneously recorded HD cells within a 200 ms time window in this instance. Bayesian decoding was used to predict the HD of animals in the second half of a recording session based on priors generated from tuning curves in the first half. The mean absolute decoding error was computed as the absolute difference between the decoded angle and the actual angle over the decoded time window. Isomap projection Scandalous: How the UK government shut down its Ethics Committee after it tried to intervene on the vaccination of children For example, when we paint a picture using a computer software, the core state of the colors and shapes in the picture are basically made of ones and zeros. We do not see our picture as ones and zeros, because the central processing unit (CPU) and its counterparts process the binary codes as colors and shapes. The greatest thing about binary codes is that there are no limits to their combinations. ...