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The Eastern Fleet and the Indian Ocean, 1942-1944: The Fleet that Had to Hide

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Force A, including its two aircraft carriers, Indomitable and Formidable, retired to Bombay, [3] and Somerville regularly deployed a fast carrier force to the central Indian Ocean over the next six months, during which he operated from or near Ceylon for nearly half that time. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. On 22 November 1944 the Eastern Fleet was re-designated East Indies fleet and continued to be based in Trincomalee. Even then, it required experienced air crews to find their targets at night, using radar with a range of just 20 miles (32 km) and new tactics.

Singapore's rapid surrender and the destruction of the Prince of Wales and Repulse leaves only a skeletal naval presence at Ceylon.The slower "Force B" was formed around the old carrier HMS Hermes and four unmodernized Revenge-class battleships. The maps are clear, the pace of the story exciting, the telling of the background as to why the British carrier fleet was so poorly equipped that it was unable to serve Nagumo's fleet a "Midway" type blow, instead having to hide, is fascinating; equally so is the raising of its game by the Fleet Air Arm in 1944, mainly due to the initial reluctance of the USN to employ the Corsair F4U fighter, which left it available for the FAA; it is an excellent book. Between 1940 and 1942 the British colony of Malta in the central Mediterranean faced relentless aerial attacks by the Luftwaffe and Italian Air Force. The American involvement was extended to capitalise on the success with a second attack, this time on Surabaya, eastern Java, on 17 May ( Operation Transom). Subsequently, the limit of Japanese operations in the Indian Ocean was against trade using submarines and armed merchant cruisers.

The course heading conflicted with the first revision, which suggested a course toward the southeast. Parallel with this physical destruction of his bases, was the psychological destruction of the Jap’s boast of invulnerability in the East Indies.

From the strategic point of view, the Japanese offensive in the Indian Ocean was the only moment in the Second World War when the Axis forces could coordinate their efforts to severely threaten the position of the British Empire in the crucial Middle Eastern and Indian theatres. Charles Stephenson is an established author on naval and siege warfare and the history of fortifications, with the following books in print: The Fortifications of Malta 1530-1945, Zeppelins: German Airships 1900-40, The Channel Islands 1941-45: Hitler's Impregnable Fortress, The Admirals Secret Weapon: Lord Dundonald and the Origins of Chemical Warfare and Germanys Asia-Pacific Empire: Colonialism and Naval Policy, 1885-1914. His troops in the Burma jungle, short of supplies, and faced with armies growing in strength each day, were in retreat.

Carrier Division 2 rejoined the main body's track at 18:00, [42] and caught up at 22:00 180 miles (290 km) due east of Force A. The Royal Navy's doctrinal mistake had been in continuing to think of Carriers as supports to Battle Fleets- and not as strike forces themselves.For the more-focused armchair historian, the text and notes will save significant time otherwise spent translating Japanese primary documents and references. By 6 April, British SIGINT indicated the Japanese force contained four carriers and three battleships, a force Somerville clearly realized as beyond the Eastern Fleet's capability to engage without undue risk. British early warning failed to detect and identify the incoming strike, [34] forcing British pilots to scramble under fire when the first Japanese aircraft appeared over them at 07:45. THE END OF THE PAX BRITANNICA,HAS ALWAYS BEEN GLOSSED OVER, THE BRITISH COLLUSION WITH THE JAPANESE IN THE TWENTIES AND THIRTIES,WAS SURPRISING,GIVEN WHAT THEY KNEW!

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