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The Political Brain The Role Of Emotion In Deciding The Fate Of The Nation

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Shouse, E. (2005). Feeling, emotion, affect. M/C Journal, 8(6). Retrieved from http://www.journal.media-culture.org.au/0512/03-shouse.php I do not know how much of this was consciously intended by Clinton and his consultants. I suspect that much of it was, although some of the emotional overtones and sequencing of images might well have simply reflected Clinton's extraordinary emotional intelligence and gut-level, implicit political horse sense. Johnston, A. (2012). Think big: Toward a grand neuropolitics—Or, why I am not an immanent naturalist or a vital materialist. In F. Vander Valk (Ed.), Essays on neuroscience and political theory: Thinking the body politic (pp. 156–177). London/New York: Routledge. Echoing the dazzling diversity of ideologies that exist in human societies, this theme issue sought to reflect the multiplicity of theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the nature of the political brain. Needless to say, investigating such complex processes is fraught with challenges, and it is for this reason that we aimed to exhibit a selection of the most innovative and cutting-edge research being conducted in the field. Computational approaches offer the promise of precision, neurocognitive perspectives hold the potential to add biological and mechanistic depth, and behavioural studies reveal how these dynamics play out in varied social contexts and can be used for constructive policy and political cooperation. Consider, in this respect, the similar critique of Ruth Leys: “manipulations operating below the level of ideology and consciousness can only be countered by manipulations of a similar kind” (Leys, 2011, p. 461, n. 48).

Without some kind of mitigating information, it would be difficult to argue that these two statements are not mutually contradictory (although, as we’ll see, the human brain is a remarkable organ). We scanned their brains for activity as they read a series of slides. Our goal was to present them with reasoning tasks that would lead a “dispassionate” observer to an obvious logical conclusion, but would be in direct conflict with the conclusion a partisan Democrat or Republican would want to reach about his party’s candidate. In other words, our goal was to create a head-to-head conflict between the constraints on belief imposed by reason and evidence (data showing that the candidate had done something inconsistent, pandering, dishonest, slimy, or simply bad) and the constraints imposed by emotion (strong feelings toward the parties and the candidates). What we hoped to learn was how, in real time, the brain negotiates conflicts between data and desire. Although we were in relatively uncharted territory, we came in with some strong hunches, which scientists like to dignify with the label hypotheses. Guiding all these hypotheses was our expectation that when data clashed with desire, the political brain would somehow “reason” its way to the desired conclusions. After Kerry's opening paragraph, in which he told the American people in his own words who he was and what he wanted them to know about him, the rest of the ad didn't matter. Kerry had already spent the first millions of his campaign dollars telling the story George W Bush wanted to tell about him, beginning to weave precisely the web of emotional associations in which the Bush campaign hoped to ensnare him: that he was not only privileged (a word Kerry, who was married to an heiress, introduced himself), but a north-eastern liberal intellectual. The best quote in the book was: "Contemporary liberals believe that the way to voter's hearts is through their brains. But, they are appealing to he wrong part of the brain." Westen makes a clear destination between the emotional parts of the brain and the logical parts of the brain. He suggests that if a democratic candidate doesn't know how to trigger activation in the emotional parts, while offering some sort of narrative to logical parts, they are going to be hard-pressed to win the votes of undecided voters. It is a much smaller subset of people than one might suspect who make decisions, for political candidates or otherwise, using mostlHaufe, S., Treder, M. S., Gugler, M. F., Sagebaum, M., Curio, G., & Blankertz, B. (2011). EEG potentials predict upcoming emergency brakings during simulated driving. Journal of Neural Engineering, 8, 056001. Alford, C. F. (2015). The missing moment: Freedom or trauma[quest]. [Original Article]. Psychoanal Cult Soc. doi: 10.1057/pcs.2015.54. The Political Brain is a groundbreaking investigation into the role of emotion in determining the political life of the nation. For two decades Drew Westen, professor of psychology and psychiatry at Emory University, has explored a theory of the mind that differs substantially from the more "dispassionate" notions held by most cognitive psychologists, political scientists, and economists -- and Democratic campaign strategists. The idea of the mind as a cool calculator that makes decisions by weighing the evidence bears no relation to how the brain actually works. When political candidates assume voters dispassionately make decisions based on "the issues," they lose. That's why only one Democrat has been re-elected to the presidency since Franklin Roosevelt -- and only one Republican has failed in that quest. The inherent challenge—and exciting promise—of political psychology and neuroscience is the task of investigating an endlessly intricate organ (the brain) in wildly diverse social contexts (the arena of ideologies). These complexities naturally compound each other, rendering a robust psychological science of ideologies and political behaviour both challenging and crucial. The rapid spread of misinformation propagated by digital media as well as pronounced tribalistic polarization within and between national entities has provoked a global sense that our understanding of the origins of voting behaviour and ideological worldviews is dangerously insufficient. While the study of political attitudes and behaviour has been traditionally confined to the social sciences, new advances in political neuroscience and computational cognitive science highlight that the biological sciences may offer crucial insights about political and ideological behaviour. Ideological behaviour can be defined as behaviour that is epistemically dogmatic and interpersonally intolerant towards non-adherents or non-members [ 1]. In other words, a person thinking or behaving ‘ideologically' is rigidly adhering to a doctrine, resisting credible evidence when forming opinions, and selectively antagonistic to individuals who do not follow their ideological group or cause. Ideological behaviour can therefore occur in the realm of politics, religion, gender, race, class, social media or any other area of life where social conditions are described and accordingly actions are narrowly prescribed, resulting in ingroups and outgroups. Zerilli, L. M. G. (2013). Embodied knowing, judgment, and the limits of neurobiology. Perspectives on Politics, 11(02), 512–515.

The Political Brain is a groundbreaking investigation into the role of emotion in determining the political life of the nation. For two decades Drew Westen, professor of psychology and psychiatry at Emory University, has explored a theory of the mind that differs substantially from the more "dispassionate" notions held by most cognitive psychologists, political scientists, and economists—and Democratic campaign strategists. The idea of the mind as a cool calculator that makes decisions by weighing the evidence bears no relation to how the brain actually works. When political candidates assume voters dispassionately make decisions based on "the issues," they lose. That's why only one Democrat has been re-elected to the presidency since Franklin Roosevelt—and only one Republican has failed in that quest. Our committed Democrats and Republicans were scanned in the run-up to one of the most polarized presidential races in recent history. So how did they respond?Kashima Y, Perfors A, Ferdinand V, Pattenden E. 2021Ideology, communication and polarization. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376, 20200133. (10.1098/rstb.2020.0133)

When Kerry added the reference to Yale, he fully activated the primary network that the conservative movement has worked for so many years to stamp into the American psyche to galvanise disdain and resentment toward Democrats: the liberal elite. Put together Massachusetts, liberal senator and Yale, and you have virtually the whole network activated. The only thing missing was a windsurfing outfit. That came later. This volume attempts to harness cognitive science to rally progressive politicians and voters by contending that conservatives have framed the debate on vital issues more effectively than liberals. According to this book, conservatives comprehend that most brain functioning is grounded not in logical reasoning but in emotionalism, and as a result, huge portions of the citizenry accept the Republican framing of the war in Iraq and supporting the troops rather than liberal appeals and phrasing of the occupation in Iraq and squandering tax money. The author feels that if citizens and policy-makers better understand brain functioning, hope exists to lessen the effects of global warming and other societal disasters in the making. Once partisans had come to completely biased conclusions -- essentially finding ways to ignore information that could not be rationally discounted -- not only did circuits that mediate negative emotions like sadness and disgust turn off, but subjects got a blast of activation in circuits involved in reward -- similar to what addicts receive when they get their fix, Westen explains. Understanding the the Neo Con Strategies of setting political agendas through emotionally charged frames is a crucial factor in the return of a highly authoritarian political style in many developed countries in the late 1970s.De Vos, J. (2009). On cerebral celebrity and reality TV. Subjectivity in times of brain-scans and psychotainment. Configurations, 17(3), 259–293. Bélanger JJ. Bélanger JJ. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Apr 12;376(1822):20200144. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0144. Epub 2021 Feb 22. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021. PMID: 33612004 Free PMC article. Review. Clinton was probably the real survivor of the Centre Left. Blair became too distracted by the War in Iraq when diplomatic alternatives existed for a Third Way Agenda in foreign policy.

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