Tepe Interdental Brush Red 0.5mm 25 Pack

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Malkin, Elizabeth (8 January 2009). "For Redress of Grievances, Mexicans Turn to Bureaucracy Contest". New York Times . Retrieved 13 December 2015. Regulation in essence exists to create public value and brings value particularly for citizens affected by unfair trading, monopolies, externalities and market failures; and from businesses who gain from regulation in the form of market protection, subsidies, and title protection — those who want regulation to create the certainty they need to go about their business decisions. [17] It is generally believed that the term originated with the Spanish administration of Charles V, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, in the early 16th century, who started to use red tape in an effort to modernize the administration that was running his vast empire. The red tape was used to bind the most important administrative dossiers that required immediate discussion by the Council of State, and separate them from issues that were treated in an ordinary administrative way, which were bound with ordinary string. [5]

George et al. (2020) Red Tape, Organizational Performance and Employee Outcomes: Meta-Analysis, Meta-Regression and Research Agenda. Public Administration Review. Similar issues persist throughout Latin America. [7] [9] For example, Mexico was the original home of Syntex, one of the greatest pharmaceutical firms of the 20th century—but in 1959, the company left for the American city of Palo Alto, California (in what is now Silicon Valley) because its scientists were fed up with the Mexican government's bureaucratic delays which repeatedly impeded their research. [10] As of 2009 in Mexico, it took six months and a dozen visits to government agencies to obtain a permit to paint a house, [11] and to obtain a monthly prescription for gamma globulin for X-linked agammaglobulinemia a patient had to obtain signatures from two government doctors and stamps from four separate bureaucrats before presenting the prescription to a dispensary. [12] Red Tape Reduction Initiative | Business". Gov.nl.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-11-09 . Retrieved 2012-10-09.For employers wanting to provide their employees with career development opportunities, internal red tape through increased rules and procedures also increases the controlling behaviour of organisational leaders and prevents them from supporting their employ Red tape is an idiom referring to regulations or conformity to formal rules or standards which are claimed to be excessive, rigid or redundant, or to bureaucracy claimed to hinder or prevent action or decision-making. It is usually applied to governments, corporations, and other large organizations. Things often described as "red tape" include filling out paperwork, obtaining licenses, having multiple people or committees approve a decision and various low-level rules that make conducting one's affairs slower, more difficult, or both. [1] [2] [3] Red tape has been found to hamper organizational performance and employee wellbeing across countries and contexts by a meta-analysis and meta-regression in 2021, and especially internal red tape imposed by the organization itself on its employees was identified as particularly harmful. [4] A related concept, administrative burden, refers to the costs citizens may experience in their interaction with government even if bureaucratic regulations or procedures serve legitimate purposes. As of the early 21st century, Spanish bureaucracy continues to be notorious for unusually extreme levels of red tape (in the figurative sense). [7] As of 2013, the World Bank ranked Spain 136 out of 185 countries for ease of starting a business, which took on average 10 procedures and 28 days. [8]

Red tape is often used interchangeably with regulation or compliance generally. In the context of political ‘wars on red tape’, commentary which focuses on the origins and purpose of regulation notes that regulation can arise from a number of sources. These can include responses to market failures or incidents, citizen pressure, and non-governmental organisation campaigns. A ‘war on red tape’ is therefore considered inherently political, and relates to different perspectives on the function of regulation, and of the role of the state in society and the appropriate relationship between government, business, and the community. [18] The compliance burden that may come with introducing new technology can also cause employees to experience mental fatigue if challenges are being experienced regularly. Consequently, this can cause employees to disengage with their work and colleagues. [53] However, regulatory reform is necessary, and a recent review [17] stated that the ongoing conflation of regulation with red tape, intentional or not, will not yield regulatory improvement. Rather, to better respond to the political ‘war on regulation and red tape’, any government's starting point should be that regulation is seen as an asset and not a liability.

According to a postpositivist worldview known as the ‘functional efficacy approach’ or the ‘benefit-cost view’, red tape is determined by observable and objective ineffective formalities in public agencies which means they are dysfunctional for the organisation and not valid for their intended purpose. This notion has emerged on red tape as ‘rules, regulations and procedures that remain in force and entail a compliance burden for the organisation but have no efficacy for the rules’ functional object’. [15] Baekgaard, Martin; Moynihan, Donald P; Thomsen, Mette Kjærgaard (2021-02-04). "Why Do Policymakers Support Administrative Burdens? The Roles of Deservingness, Political Ideology, and Personal Experience". Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 31 (1): 184–200. doi: 10.1093/jopart/muaa033. ISSN 1053-1858. Red tape: redefinition and reconceptualization based on production theory". International Public Management Journal.

Davis, Randall S. (2013). "Union Commitment and Stakeholder Red Tape: How Union Values Shape Perceptions of Organizational Rules". Review of Public Personnel Administration. 33 (4): 365–383. doi: 10.1177/0734371X12453056. Bhargava, Saurabh; Manoli, Dayanand (2015). "Psychological Frictions and the Incomplete Take-Up of Social Benefits: Evidence from an IRS Field Experiment". American Economic Review. 105 (11): 3489–3529. doi: 10.1257/aer.20121493. ISSN 0002-8282.Stakeholder red tape: Organisational rules, regulations, and procedures that remain in force and entail a compliance burden, but serve no objective valued by a given stakeholder group. [16]

George, Bert; Pandey, Sanjay K.; Steijn, Bram; Decramer, Adelien; Audenaert, Mieke (2020). "Red tape, organizational performance and employee outcomes: meta-analysis, meta-regression and research agenda". Public Administration Review. 81 (4): 638–651. doi: 10.1111/puar.13327. hdl: 1854/LU-8683417. ISSN 1540-6210. S2CID 228922524. For frontline employees, internal red tape can impact their job satisfaction when they are spending less time servicing the public due to spending more time [49] Campbell, Jesse W.; Pandey, Sanjay K.; Arnesen, Lars (2022). "The ontology, origin, and impact of divisive public sector rules: A meta-narrative review of the red tape and administrative burden literatures". Public Administration Review. 83 (2): 296–315. doi: 10.1111/puar.13527. S2CID 249187464. We recommend you change the brush every week or when the bristles become worn, whichever occurs first.Nisar, Muhammad A. (2018). "Children of a Lesser God: Administrative Burden and Social Equity in Citizen-State Interactions". Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 28 (1): 104–119. doi: 10.1093/jopart/mux025. Peeters, Rik (2019-06-06). "The Political Economy of Administrative Burdens: A Theoretical Framework for Analyzing the Organizational Origins of Administrative Burdens". Administration & Society. 52 (4): 566–592. doi: 10.1177/0095399719854367. ISSN 0095-3997. S2CID 195561302. The Job Demands-Resources model provides a useful framework to understand how red tape impacts public service employees job satisfaction. [44] Job demands are tasks that require the physical and mental capacity of employees, with a focus on their attitudes and behaviour. Job resources on the other hand relates to aspects within the work environment the support employees in their development, coping and goal achievement. [45] Heinrich, Carolyn J.; Brill, Robert (2015-08-01). "Stopped in the Name of the Law: Administrative Burden and its Implications for Cash Transfer Program Effectiveness". World Development. 72: 277–295. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.015. ISSN 0305-750X.