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t>z 변화, 네덜란드어는 어두의 s>z 변화가 자주 일어났기 때문이다. 슬라브어는 z의 비중이 앞의 언어보다 높으며, 특히 폴란드어는 어지간한 복자음과 이중문자에 z가 들어가기 때문에 유달리 z가 많이 쓰인다(사용빈도 5%). It represents / ʒ/ in words like seizure. More often, this sound appears as ⟨su⟩ or ⟨si⟩ in words such as measure, decision, etc. In all these words, / ʒ/ developed from earlier / zj/ by yod-coalescence.

z⟩ is used in writing to represent the act of sleeping (often using multiple z's, like zzzz), as an onomatopoeia for the sound of closed-mouth human snoring. [10] Other languages [ edit ] In Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish, ⟨z⟩ usually stands for the sound /s/ and thus shares the value of ⟨s⟩; it normally occurs only in loanwords that are spelt with ⟨z⟩ in the source languages. The z-score can be calculated by subtracting the population mean from the raw score, or data point in question (a test score, height, age, etc.), then dividing the difference by the population standard deviation: z = The Semitic symbol was the seventh letter, named zayin, which meant "weapon" or "sword". It represented either the sound / z/ as in English and French, or possibly more like / dz/ (as in Italian zeta, zero). The letter Z was borrowed from the Greek Zeta, most likely to represent the sound / t͡s/. At c. 300 BC, Appius Claudius Caecus, the Roman censor, removed the letter Z from the alphabet [ examples needed] , allegedly due to his distaste for the letter, in that it "looked like the tongue of a corpse". A more likely explanation is the sound had disappeared from Latin, making the letter useless for spelling Latin words. It is also thought due to rhotacism, Z became a trilled R sound, / r/. Whatever the case may be, Appius Claudius' distaste for the letter Z is today credited as the reason for its removal. A few centuries later, after the Roman Conquest of Greece, Z was again borrowed to spell words from the prestigious Attic dialect of Greek.

5-letter words that start with z

Ivan Kuliak: Why has 'Z' become a Russian pro-war symbol?". BBC News. 2022-03-07 . Retrieved 2022-03-07.

each value in the table is the area between z = 0 and the z-score of the given value, which represents the probability that a data point will lie within the referenced region in the standard normal distribution. Other languages spell the letter's name in a similar way: zeta in Italian, Basque, and Spanish, seta in Icelandic (no longer part of its alphabet but found in personal names), zê in Portuguese, zäta in Swedish, zæt in Danish, zet in Dutch, Indonesian, Polish, Romanian, and Czech, Zett in German (capitalised as a noun), zett in Norwegian, zède in French, zetto ( ゼット) in Japanese, and zét in Vietnamese. Several languages render it as / ts/ or / dz/, e.g. tseta /tseta/ or more rarely tset /tset/ in Finnish (sometimes dropping the first t altogether; /seta/, or /set/ the latter of which is not very commonplace). In Standard Chinese pinyin, the name of the letter Z is pronounced [tsɨ], as in "zi", although the English zed and zee have become very common. In Esperanto the name of the letter Z is pronounced /zo/. Z at the end of a word was pronounced ts, as in English assets, from Old French asez "enough" ( Modern French assez), from Vulgar Latin ad satis ("to sufficiency"). [6] Last letter of the alphabet [ edit ] The z-score has numerous applications and can be used to perform a z-test, calculate prediction intervals, process control applications, comparison of scores on different scales, and more. Z-table Use this calculator to find the probability (area P in the diagram) between two z-scores. Left Bound, Z 1

z

Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott. "ζῆτα". An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon. Archived from the original on March 6, 2020 . Retrieved July 23, 2016.

where x is the raw score, μ is the population mean, and σ is the population standard deviation. For a sample, the formula is similar, except that the sample mean and population standard deviation are used instead of the population mean and population standard deviation. Few words in the Basic English vocabulary begin or end with ⟨z⟩, though it occurs within other words. It is the least frequently used letter in written English, [9] with a frequency of about 0.08% in words. z⟩ is more common in the Oxford spelling of British English than in standard British English, as this variant prefers the more etymologically 'correct' -ize endings, which are closer to Greek, to -ise endings, which are closer to French; however, -yse is preferred over -yze in Oxford spelling, as it is closer to the original Greek roots of words like analyse. The most common variety of English it is used in is American English, which prefers both the -ize and -yze endings. One native Germanic English word that contains 'z', freeze (past froze, participle frozen) came to be spelled that way by convention, even though it could have been spelled with 's' (as with choose, chose and chosen). For example, referencing the right-tail z-table above, a data point with a z-score of 1.12 corresponds to an area of 0.36864 (row 13, column 4). This means that for a normally distributed population, there is a 36.864% chance, a data point will have a z-score between 0 and 1.12. Ti Alkire & Carol Rosen, Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 61.Among non-European languages that have adopted the Latin alphabet, ⟨z⟩ usually stands for [z], such as in Azerbaijani, Igbo, Indonesian, Shona, Swahili, Tatar, Turkish, and Zulu. ⟨z⟩ represents [ d͡z] in Northern Sami and Inari Sami. In Turkmen, ⟨z⟩ represents [ ð]. Constable, Peter (2003-09-30). "L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11 . Retrieved 2018-03-24. Z has been used by the Russian Armed Forces as an identifying symbol on its military vehicles, during Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Russian civilians have used the symbol to express support for the invasion. [11] [12] In some inscriptions, z represented a Vulgar Latin sound, likely an affricate, formed by the merging of the reflexes of Classical Latin / j/, /dj/ and /gj/: [ example needed] for example, zanuariu for ianuariu "January", ziaconus for diaconus "deacon", and oze for hodie "today". [5] Likewise, /di/ sometimes replaced / z/ in words like baptidiare for baptizare "to baptize". In modern Italian, z represents / ts/ or / dz/, whereas the reflexes of ianuarius and hodie are written with the letter g (representing /dʒ/ when before i and e): gennaio, oggi. In other languages, such as Spanish, further evolution of the sound occurred. a b Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11 . Retrieved 2018-03-24.

The Etruscan letter Z was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, most probably through the Greek alphabet used on the island of Ischia. In Etruscan, this letter may have represented / ts/. asset". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) One early use of "zee": Lye, Thomas (1969) [2nd ed., London, 1677]. A new spelling book, 1677. Menston, (Yorkshire) Scolar Press. p. 24. LCCN 70407159. Zee Za-cha-ry, Zion, zealIf H 0 \mathrm H_0 H 0 ​ holds, then the sum S n = x 1 + . . . + x n S_n = x_1 + ... + x_n S n ​ = x 1 ​ + ... + x n ​ follows the normal distribution, with mean n μ 0 n \mu_0 n μ 0 ​ and variance n 2 σ n In the Nihon-shiki, Kunrei-shiki, and Hepburn romanisations of Japanese, ⟨z⟩ stands for a phoneme whose allophones include [ z] and [ dz]. Additionally, in the Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki systems, ⟨z⟩ is used to represent that same phoneme before / i/, where it's pronounced [ d͡ʑ ~ ʑ].