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Glade Fragranced Bathroom Gel, Bathroom Air Freshener & Discreet Odour Eliminator, Luscious Cherry & Peony, 180g

£2.635£5.27Clearance
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Steinemann A, Nematollahi N (2020) Migraine headaches and fragranced consumer products: an international population-based study. Air Qual Atmos Health 7:1–4

Toward this goal, a practical approach would be to use products without fragrance (such as fragrance-free products) or to obviate the use of fragranced products (such as air fresheners) (e.g., Steinemann 2017b). Another step would be the listing of “fragrance” on the label for all types of consumer products (not only for foods, drugs, and cosmetics) so that consumers know whether a product contains fragrance. A further step would be a more complete disclosure and understanding of the specific ingredients in a product’s “fragrance.”

fragrance

Common terpenes in the fragranced consumer products, such as limonene, are chiral molecules: they can exist as a right-hand enantiomer (e.g., d-limonene), a left-hand enantiomer (e.g., l-limonene), or a mixture. Chiral molecules found in nature are usually and predominantly one enantiomer or another, whereas chiral molecules that are synthetized are usually a mixture of enantiomers. For a specific chiral molecule, individual enantiomers and their mixtures can have the same chemical structure but different biological effects. An interesting area for scientific exploration is the potential difference in effects of different enantiomeric forms and sources of chiral fragrance molecules. For airplanes: 64.8% of the general population would prefer airplanes without fragranced air, compared with 16.1% (59.2%, 57.7%, 61.9%, 80.2%) with fragranced air. Also, 68.8% of asthmatic individuals would prefer airplanes without fragranced air, compared with 17.3% with fragranced air; 48.4% of autistic individuals would prefer airplanes without fragranced air, compared with 41.2% with fragranced air; and 59.5% of non-fragrance sensitive individuals would prefer airplanes without fragranced air, compared with 17.3% with fragranced air. Thus, more than twice as many individuals would prefer airplanes without fragranced air than with fragranced air. Exposures are also associated with lost workdays and lost jobs. Among the general population, 9.0% have lost workdays or lost a job, representing 27.5% of fragrance sensitive individuals, in the past year, due to illness from fragranced product exposure in the workplace.

What policies or laws can help protect individuals affected by fragranced products from involuntary exposures, health risks, and loss of societal access due to secondhand scents? Gokhale S, Kohajda T, Schlink U (2008) Source apportionment of human personal exposure to volatile organic compounds in homes, offices and outdoors by chemical mass balance and genetic algorithm receptor models. Sci Total Environ 407(1):122–138 Steinemann A (2019b) International prevalence of fragrance sensitivity. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(8):891–897This fragrance phenomenon is a puzzle, and this article sought to investigate the pieces and bring them together to provide new insights and directions. This domain also provides a rich area for research. Future questions for exploration include the following: CARB (2019) California Air Resource Board, The regulation for reducing emissions from consumer products. Available at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/consumer-products-program/current-regulations. Accessed September 5, 2020 Wang CM, Barratt B, Carslaw N, Doutsi A, Dunmore RE, Ward MW, Lewis AC (2017) Unexpectedly high concentrations of monoterpenes in a study of UK homes. Environ Sci Process Impacts 19(4):528–537

Steinemann A (2015) Volatile emissions from common consumer products. Air Qual Atmos Health 8(3):273–281 Steinemann A (2018d) Fragranced consumer products: effects on autistic adults in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom. Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health, Sept:1–6 Steinemann AC, Gallagher LG, Davis AL, MacGregor IC (2013) Chemical emissions from residential dryer vents during use of fragranced laundry products. Air Qual Atmos Health 6(1):151–156 Jia C, Batterman S, Godwin C (2008) VOCs in industrial, urban and suburban neighborhoods, part 1: indoor and outdoor concentrations, variation, and risk drivers. Atmos Environ 42(9):2083–2100Steinemann A (2018d) Exposures and effects from fragranced consumer products in Sweden. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(5):485–491 Steinemann A (2018a) Fragranced consumer products: sources of emissions, exposures, and health effects in the United Kingdom. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(3):253–258 A “fragrance” is a scent and, despite its singular name, it is a formulation of dozens of chemicals, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nearly 4000 ingredients have been documented for use in the composition of a fragrance (IFRA 2020b). A fragrance is generally intended to “provide an aroma, to mask an odor, or both” (Steinemann 2019a). Geiss O, Giannopoulos G, Tirendi S, Barrero-Moreno J, Larsen BR, Kotzias D (2011) The AIRMEX study - VOC measurements in public buildings and schools/kindergartens in eleven European cities: statistical analysis of the data. Atmos Environ 45(22):3676–3684

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