276°
Posted 20 hours ago

Health4All Vitamin K2 MK7 200mcg 90 Tablets (V) Natural Vegan MK7 from Natto Beans Fermentation. High Strength k2mk7 Tablets (not Capsules) K2 Vitamin Supplements. VIT K2 mk7

£0.04£0.08Clearance
ZTS2023's avatar
Shared by
ZTS2023
Joined in 2023
82
63

About this deal

Katsuyama et al. ( Katsuyama et al., 2007) using MC3T3E1 osteoblastic cells obtained from calvaria of newborn mouse studied the differential expression of genes after treatment with vitamin K2-7. Both control and vitamin K2-7-treated MC3T3E1 cells were analyzed. Downregulation of biglycan and butyrophilin genes and upregulation of tenascin C and BMP2 were observed after 24h of treatment with K2-7. Tenascin C is an important protein involved in bone remodeling as it promotes differentiation of osteoblastic cells. BMP2 signaling is responsible for the production of osteoblast-specific proteins such as osteocalcin. Indeed, MK-7 induces the production of osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin receptor activator of NFκB (RANK), and its ligand (RANKL) in osteoblastic MC3T3E1 cells, thus indicating that vitamin K2 may play an important role in bone homeostasis. Biglycan is a member of the class I family of small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs). Studies have established the role of biglycan in osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization through the BMP4 signaling pathway ( Nastase et al., 2012). In vitro studies have shown that biglycan interacts with other BMPs, such as BMP2 and 6. Biglycan is able to directly bind BMP2 and its receptor, ALK6 (also known as BMP-RIB), to stimulate BMP2- dependent osteoblast differentiation ( Moreno et al., 2005). Butyrophilin is associated in regulating B7 protein ( Malinowska et al., 2017) which is involved in osteoblast differentiation ( Suh et al., 2004, 3).). It was observed that vitamin K2-7 increased tenascin C levels through BMP2 pathway which has a role in autocrine signaling. Tenascin C levels increased by ∼1.5 fold when treated with 10 –5M vitamin K2-7 and ∼3 fold when treated with 10 –6M of vitamin K2-7. In addition, increase in phosphorylated Smad1 level was reported in cells treated with 10 –6M vitamin K2-7. As nuclear binding receptor for vitamin K2-7 is present on MC3T3E1 cells, it is possible that, through production of BMP2, K2-7 has an indirect effect on the BMP2-Smad1 pathway. Currently, liquid fermented products enjoy the favor of commercial markets. Several modifications have been researched in LSF for the fermentation media or the microbial strain or mechanical design to improve the vitamin K2-7 yield and reduce the fermentation time. Mainly Bacillus species including B. subtilis and B. licheniformis are studied for LSF ( Mahdinia et al., 2017). Morishita et al. ( Morishita et al., 1999) used lactic acid bacteria for the production of all vitamin K2 forms. Leuconostoc lactis and Lactococcus strains including L. lactis ssp. lactis and L. lactis ssp. cremoris produced quinones when grown on medium containing soy milk. Therefore, these strains are used as starter cultures in dairy ( Morishita et al., 1999). Think of vitamin K as a collection of vitamins that play a similar role in your health. That class is made up of vitamin K1, as well as vitamin K2 and vitamin K2’s 10 subtypes, known as MK-4 to MK-13. MK-4 or MK-7 has a protective effect on bone mineral density and reduced risk of hip, vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. [10] These effects appear to be accentuated when combined with vitamin D and in the setting of osteoporosis. [1] Utilisation [ edit ]

a b c Vermeer, Cees; Raes, Joyce; van 't Hoofd, Cynthia; Knapen, Marjo H. J.; Xanthoulea, Sofia (2018). "Menaquinone Content of Cheese". Nutrients. 10 (4): 446. doi: 10.3390/nu10040446. PMC 5946231. PMID 29617314. But if you’re looking to add more vitamin K2 to your diet, know that some of the top sources of vitamin K-rich foods aren’t ones we typically see as part of a healthy diet. Whereas vitamin K1 is abundant in leafy greens and other “health food s , “ vitamin K2 is found in a lot of foods that aren’t typically recommended as part of a heart-healthy diet. Zieman SJ, Melenovsky V, Kass DA (May 2005). "Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapy of arterial stiffness". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 25 (5): 932–43. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.0000160548.78317.29. PMID 15731494.NJ, SA, PS, PG, AP, VB, YG, SP, and SN are employees of Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. SJ and DM are employees of Synergia Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. This study received funding from Synergia Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. The funder had the following involvement with the study: SJ prepared Table 4 on other global clinical trials. DM edited the manuscript. Publisher’s Note Vitamin K acts as a cofactor and is required for post-translational γ-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP). The current recommended daily intake (RDI) of vitamin K in most countries has been established based on normal coagulation requirements. Vitamin K1 and menaquinone (MK)-4 has been shown to decrease osteocalcin (OC) γ-carboxylation at RDI levels. Among the several vitamin K homologs, only MK-7 (vitamin K2) can promote γ-carboxylation of extrahepatic VKDPs, OC, and the matrix Gla protein at a nutritional dose around RDI. MK-7 has higher efficacy due to its higher bioavailability and longer half-life than other vitamin K homologs. As vitamin K1, MK-4, and MK-7 have distinct bioactivities, their RDIs should be established based on their relative activities. MK-7 increases bone mineral density and promotes bone quality and strength. Collagen production, and thus, bone quality may be affected by MK-7 or MK-4 converted from MK-7. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the various properties of MK-7. The review noted that K2 showed the most promise, while also mentioning that much of the ingested K1 is transformed to K2 in the body ( 9). Knapen et al. ( Knapen et al., 2018) conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled study including 214 postmenopausal women between the age group 0f 55–65years of age wherein they received either 180µg/day of vitamin K2 (MK-7) or placebo for 3years. It was observed that MK-7 increased the levels of circulating osteocalcin (21.5%) as compared to placebo (2.6%) however there was no significant effect of MK-7 on body fat or fat distribution. In MK-7 group, levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) were decreased by 50.1%, while in placebo group, no significant change was observed (+4.3%). In subjects that responded well with respect to osteocalcin carboxylation (good responders), MK-7 was reported to increase total and human molecular weight adiponectin, while abdominal fat mass and estimated visceral adipose tissue area were reported to be decreased as compared to poor responders as well as placebo. In good responders, the change in carboxylated osteocalcin was 1.66ng/ml or 34.9% and in poor responders it was 0.38ng/ml or 7.7%.

The mechanism of action of vitamin K 2 is similar to vitamin K 1. K vitamins were first recognized as a factor required for coagulation, but the functions performed by this vitamin group were revealed to be much more complex. K vitamins play an essential role as cofactor for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which is involved in vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of the gla domain in "Gla proteins" (i.e., in conversion of peptide-bound glutamic acid (Glu) to γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) in these proteins). [9] Carboxylation reaction – the Vitamin K cycle Suttie JW (1995). "The importance of menaquinones in human nutrition". Annual Review of Nutrition. 15: 399–417. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nu.15.070195.002151. PMID 8527227. There’s still much to be understood about the differences between vitamin K1 and vitamin K2, and research is ongoing. Zumpano details what we do know about K vitamins, and vitamin K2 specifically, including some of its most important benefits. Aids in blood clotting Vitamin K 2 or menaquinone ( MK) ( / ˌ m ɛ n ə ˈ k w ɪ n oʊ n/) is one of three types of vitamin K, the other two being vitamin K 1 ( phylloquinone) and K 3 ( menadione). K 2 is both a tissue and bacterial product (derived from vitamin K 1 in both cases) and is usually found in animal products or fermented foods. [1]However, more human studies are needed before the functional differences between vitamins K1 and K2 can be fully understood. Zwakenberg, S. R., de Jong, P. A., Bartstra, J. W., van Asperen, R., Westerink, J., de Valk, H., et al. (2019). The Effect of Menaquinone-7 Supplementation on Vascular Calcification in Patients with Diabetes: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 110, 883–890. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz147 Kaneki M, Hodges SJ, Hedges SJ, Hosoi T, Fujiwara S, Lyons A, etal. (April 2001). "Japanese fermented soybean food as the major determinant of the large geographic difference in circulating levels of vitamin K2: possible implications for hip-fracture risk". Nutrition. 17 (4): 315–21. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00554-2. PMID 11369171. a b c d Myneni VD, Mezey E (November 2017). "Regulation of bone remodeling by vitamin K2". Oral Diseases. 23 (8): 1021–1028. doi: 10.1111/odi.12624. PMC 5471136. PMID 27976475.

Production of menaquinones is observed in bacterial cells and in animals as well. In humans, anaerobes like Escherichia coli present in large intestine synthesizes long chain derivatives of menaquinones (MK-7 to MK-11). Intestinally synthesized menaquinones are used as electron transporters in anaerobic respiration. Menaquinones are also produced commercially by the process of fermentation (solid state fermentation (SSF) or liquid state fermentation (LSF)) or by chemical synthesis. In SSF, the water content ranges up to 12–80%, whereas the water content is very high i.e., up to 90–95% in LSF ( Mitchell et al., 2000). SSF is used for the production of secondary metabolites; the raw material used here is soy protein and corn grits. Various factors affect the production of vitamin K2-7 in SSF such as the microbial strain used, raw material or substrate along with its pre-treatment, temperature and time for which the fermentation is run. Pre-treatment of substrate is an important factor as it can increase the yield of the production. Pre-treatment using α-amylase enzyme at the first step in the fermentation process results in rise of sugar monomers and likely increases yield as well ( Mahanama et al., 2011). Another important factor in the fermentation process is the selection of the bioreactor. Tray bioreactors, static deep bed bioreactors and dynamic mode fermenters that include rotating drums are some of the bioreactors used for SSF ( Mahdinia et al., 2017). This section relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this section by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Supplement companies sell nattō extract reportedly standardized with regards to K 2 content, in capsule form. [ citation needed] Analysis of foods [ edit ] Food

Pharmacometrics of Vitamin K2-7

Vitamin K2 activates the calcium-binding actions of two proteins — matrix GLA protein and osteocalcin, which help to build and maintain bones ( 10).

Proline-rich Gla-proteins (PRGP), transmembrane Gla-proteins (TMG), Gla-rich protein (GRP) and periostin. Their precise functions are still unknown. Your body can partly convert vitamin K1 to K2. This is useful because the amount of vitamin K1 in a typical diet is nine times that of vitamin K2. However, only 10-15% of ingested vitamin K1 is absorbed in the digestive tract, so actual absorbed K1 makes up about 50% of all vitamin K in the diet ( 21). Seven of these trials, which took fractures into consideration, found that vitamin K2 reduced spinal fractures by 60%, hip fractures by 77%, and all non-spinal fractures by 81% ( 12). The European Food Safety Authority ( EU) and the US Institute of Medicine, on reviewing existing evidence, have decided there is insufficient evidence to publish a dietary reference value for vitamin K or for K 2. They have, however, published an adequate intake (AI) for vitamin K, but no value specifically for K 2. [ citation needed] Though this needs to be studied in more detail, current research on vitamin K2 and health is promising. In fact, it potentially may have lifesaving implications for many people. SummaryLong-chain menaquinones (longer than MK-4) include MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9 and are more predominant in fermented foods such as natto. Longer-chain menaquinones (MK-10 to MK-13) are produced by anaerobic bacteria in the colon, but they are not well absorbed at this level and have little physiological impact. [1] In a study conducted by Schurgers et al. ( Schurgers et al., 2007), MK-7 (1500mg/L) in an oil solution form was mixed with vitamin K1 resulting in a mixture containing 100µg/ml of vitamin K1 and K2 (MK-7) each. 10ml of this mixture was emulsified with 20ml orange juice and administered to 15 volunteers between the ages of 25–35years. The peak serum concentration (C max) of MK-7 was reported to be 17µg/L and time required to achieve maximum concentration (T max) was reported to be 4h. The decline in MK-7 serum concentration was slow between 8 and 9h and followed a biphasic pattern. The half-life (t 1/2) of MK-7 was reported to be 68h. In a subsequent study, 10 volunteers received increasing doses (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 500µg each of the two vitamins) from a mixture of 100µg/ml of vitamin K and MK-7. Both vitamins showed a linear dose response 4h after mealtime. At 24h after mealtime, the circulating concentration of MK-7 at 100µg was reported to be approximately 1.5nM (1µg/L). Find sources: "Vitamin K2"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( February 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Osteocalcin. This non-collagenous protein is secreted by osteoblasts and plays an essential role in the formation of mineral in bone. Fu X, Harshman SG, Shen X, Haytowitz DB, Karl JP, Wolfe BE, Booth SL (June 2017). "Multiple Vitamin K Forms Exist in Dairy Foods". Current Developments in Nutrition. 1 (6): e000638. doi: 10.3945/cdn.117.000638. PMC 5998353. PMID 29955705.

Asda Great Deal

Free UK shipping. 15 day free returns.
Community Updates
*So you can easily identify outgoing links on our site, we've marked them with an "*" symbol. Links on our site are monetised, but this never affects which deals get posted. Find more info in our FAQs and About Us page.
New Comment