Espaa! - Songs and Dances from Spain

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In 1793, Spain went to war against the revolutionary new French Republic as a member of the first Coalition. The subsequent War of the Pyrenees polarised the country in a reaction against the gallicised elites and following defeat in the field, peace was made with France in 1795 at the Peace of Basel in which Spain lost control over two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola. In 1807, a secret treaty between Napoleon and the unpopular prime minister led to a new declaration of war against Britain and Portugal. French troops entered the country to invade Portugal but instead occupied Spain's major fortresses. The Spanish king abdicated and a puppet kingdom satellite to the French Empire was installed with Joseph Bonaparte as king. Beevor, Antony (2006). The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-297-84832-5. Work on the new design had begun before the fleet plan was approved by the legislature. Initial plans called for the three ships to displace 12,000t (11,810 long tons) and have an armament of four 12-inch (305mm) and at least twelve 6-inch (152mm) guns in a manner similar to standard British pre-dreadnoughts of the period. The commissioning of the revolutionary "all-big-gun" Dreadnought in late 1906 prompted Commodore José Ferrándiz y Niño, the Spanish naval minister, to press the Junta Técnica de la Armada (Navy Technical Board) to revise its design to match the new, more powerful type of battleship in March 1907. Some consideration was given to reducing the caliber of the main battery to 11- or 9.2-inch (279 or 234mm) guns, but six of the nine board members agreed that the 12-inch gun should be retained. With the general type of ship determined, the Navy began discussions over general design requirements, given the limitations that would be imposed on the new ships. [3] Situada en el nordeste peninsular, la componen las provincias de Huesca, Teruel y Zaragoza. Su capital es esta última, Zaragoza.

In early antiquity, the Iberian Peninsula was inhabited by a mixture of Iberian and Celtic tribes, along with other local pre-Roman peoples. With the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the province of Hispania was established. Following the Romanization and Christianization of Hispania, the fall of the Western Roman Empire ushered in the inward migration of tribes from Central Europe, including the Visigoths, who formed the Visigothic Kingdom centred on Toledo. In the early eighth century, most of the peninsula was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate, and during early Islamic rule, Al-Andalus became a dominant peninsular power centred in Córdoba. Several Christian kingdoms emerged in Northern Iberia, chief among them Asturias, León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal ; made an intermittent southward military expansion, known as the Reconquista, repelling Islamic rule in Iberia, which culminated with the Christian seizure of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada in 1492. The dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon in 1479 is often considered the formation of Spain as a country. Catalanism and Vasquism, alongside other nationalisms and regionalisms in Spain, arose in that period: the Basque Nationalist Party formed in 1895 and Regionalist League of Catalonia in 1901. The ships' propulsion system consisted of four-shaft Parsons steam turbines and steam was provided by twelve coal-fired water-tube Yarrow boilers. [6] The turbines drove three-bladed screw propellers that had diameters of 2.4 metres (7feet 10inches). Two spare screws were kept aboard each ship. [18] The boilers were trunked into a single funnel that was placed amidships; the funnel's location far from the foremast kept the latter's spotting top free from smoke interference but still rendered the spotting top on the mainmast essentially useless. [19] Símbolos patrios de España La bandera de España está conformada por tres franjas horizontales, dos rojas y una amarilla en el centro. The 18th century saw a gradual recovery and an increase in prosperity through much of the empire. The predominant economic policy was an interventionist one, and the State also pursued policies aiming towards infrastructure development as well as the abolition of internal customs and the reduction of export tariffs. [51] Projects of agricultural colonisation with new settlements took place in the south of mainland Spain. [52] Enlightenment ideas began to gain ground among some of the kingdom's elite and monarchy.

Georgia

En la zona norte de España abundan las praderas y predomina la vegetación caducifolia. Por otra parte, en la zona sur abundan las plantas perennifolias, aromáticas y los matorrales.

Es la región más extensa del país, y está formada por las provincias de Ávila, Burgos, León, Palencia, Salamanca, Segovia, Soria, Valladolid y Zamora. Su ciudad más poblada es Valladolid.Dado que España es un país con una amplia diversidad de climas y relieves, su fauna y flora son de las más variadas del continente. The Mediterranean climate, characterised by warm/hot and dry summers, is dominant in the peninsula. It has two varieties: Csa and Csb according to the Köppen climate classification. Fue uno de los grandes imperios territoriales entre los siglos XV y XVIII, por lo que su cultura, su idioma y muchas de sus costumbres pueden encontrarse en gran parte de los países del continente americano y en algunos países de África. With Franco's death in November 1975, Juan Carlos succeeded to the position of King of Spain and head of state in accordance with the Francoist law. With the approval of the new Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the restoration of democracy, the State devolved much authority to the regions and created an internal organisation based on autonomous communities. The Spanish 1977 Amnesty Law let people of Franco's regime continue inside institutions without consequences, even perpetrators of some crimes during transition to democracy like the Massacre of 3 March 1976 in Vitoria or 1977 Massacre of Atocha.

Castilla-La Mancha. Es una comunidad española ubicada en el centro de la península. Está formada por las provincias de Albacete, Ciudad Real, Guadalajara, Cuenca y Toledo, que están compuestas por 919 municipios. Su idioma oficial es el español, aunque se hablan también muchos otros idiomas regionales como el vasco, el catalán y el gallego. Cantabria. Es una comunidad española ubicada al norte del país. Está formada por una sola provincia y 102 municipios y su capital es la ciudad de Santander. El Greco (1541-1614). Es considerado uno de los referentes del Renacimiento español y, aunque era originario de Creta, vivió gran parte de su vida en Toledo. Fue un exponente del manierismo y algunas de sus obras más reconocidas son El caballero de la mano en el pecho, La adoración de los pastores, El entierro del conde de Orgaz y Vista de Toledo.

Debido a la diversidad de relieves y a su ubicación geográfica, España es un país con varios tipos de clima. Los diferentes climas en España suelen clasificarse en: templado oceánico, templado mediterráneo, frío de montaña y cálido subtropical. Shepherd, R. C., ed. (February 1915). "Schedule of Operations of the Atlantic Fleet, and Preliminary Arrangements Incident to the Panama–San Francisco Cruise". Our Navy. New York: Our Navy Publishing Co. VIII (10): 28–29. OCLC 41114005. In terms of geography, it would make more sense if continental Spain observed the same local time as the Canary Islands. In fact, the country did so for decades—from 1900, when time zones were introduced there, to 1940, when the dictator Francisco Franco moved Spain to the time zone it uses today. After the war Spain was politically and economically isolated, and was kept out of the United Nations. This changed in 1955, during the Cold War period, when it became strategically important for the US to establish a military presence on the Iberian Peninsula as a counter to any possible move by the Soviet Union into the Mediterranean basin. US Cold War strategic priorities included the dissemination of American educational ideas to foster modernization and expansion. [63] In the 1960s, Spain registered an unprecedented rate of economic growth which was propelled by industrialisation, a mass internal migration from rural areas to Madrid, Barcelona and the Basque Country and the creation of a mass tourism industry. Franco's rule was also characterised by authoritarianism, promotion of a unitary national identity, National Catholicism, and discriminatory language policies. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616). Fue un poeta, novelista y dramaturgo del Siglo de Oro español. Su novela El ingenioso caballero Don Quijote de la Mancha es considerada una de las obras más importantes de la literatura universal. Otras obras que escribió fueron Novelas ejemplares y La Galatea.