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USB2.0 provides for a maximum cable length of 5 meters (16ft 5in) for devices running at high speed (480Mbit/s). The primary reason for this limit is the maximum allowed round-trip delay of about 1.5μs. If USB host commands are unanswered by the USB device within the allowed time, the host considers the command lost. When adding USB device response time, delays from the maximum number of hubs added to the delays from connecting cables, the maximum acceptable delay per cable amounts to 26ns. [37] The USB2.0 specification requires that cable delay be less than 5.2ns/m ( 1.6ns/ft, 192 000 km/s), which is close to the maximum achievable transmission speed for standard copper wire. The VBUS, D−, D+, and GND pins are required for USB2.0 communication. The five additional USB3.0 pins are two differential pairs and one ground (GND_DRAIN). The two additional differential pairs are for SuperSpeed data transfer; they are used for full duplex SuperSpeed signaling. The GND_DRAIN pin is for drain wire termination and to control EMI and maintain signal integrity.
In February 2019, USB-IF simplified the marketing guidelines by excluding Gen 1×2 mode and required the SuperSpeed trident logos to include maximum transfer speed. [69] [70] In January 2013 the USB group announced plans to update USB 3.0 to 10Gbit/s (1250 MB/s). [56] The group ended up creating a new USB specification, USB3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, [57] replacing the USB 3.0 standard. The USB 3.1 specification takes over the existing USB 3.0's SuperSpeed USB transfer rate, now referred to as USB 3.1 Gen 1, and introduces a faster transfer rate called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps, referred to as USB 3.1 Gen 2, [58] putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel. The new mode's logo features a caption stylized as SUPERSPEED+; [59] this refers to the updated SuperSpeedPlus protocol. The USB3.1 Gen 2 mode also reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b, with nominal data rate of 1,212 MB/s. [60] The first USB3.1 Gen 2 implementation demonstrated real-world transfer speeds of 7.2Gbit/s. [61] The OTG device with the A-plug inserted is called the A-device and is responsible for powering the USB interface when required, and by default assumes the role of host. The OTG device with the B-plug inserted is called the B-device and by default assumes the role of peripheral. An OTG device with no plug inserted defaults to acting as a B-device. If an application on the B-device requires the role of host, then the Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP) is used to temporarily transfer the host role to the B-device.USB3.0 Type-B receptacles, such as those found on peripheral devices, are larger than in USB2.0 (or earlier versions), and accept both the larger USB3.0 Type-B plug and the smaller USB2.0 (or earlier) Type-B plug. USB3.0 Type B plugs are larger than USB2.0 (or earlier) Type-B plugs; therefore, USB3.0 Type-B plugs cannot be inserted into USB2.0 (or earlier) Type-B receptacles. The USB Power Delivery specification revision3.0 defines an optional Programmable Power Supply (PPS) protocol that allows granular control over V BUS power, allowing a range of 3.3 to 21 V in 20mV steps to facilitate constant-current or constant-voltage charging. Revision 3.0 also adds extended configuration messages and fast role swap and deprecates the BFSK protocol. [57] [68] [69] The Certified USB Fast Charger logo for USB Type-C charging ports Adding to existing equipment [ edit ] A USB3.0 controller in form of a PCI Express expansion card Side connectors on a laptop computer. Left to right: USB3.0 host, VGA connector, DisplayPort connector, USB2.0 host. Note the five additional pins on the underside of the tongue of the USB3.0 port.
McVay, Bob (15 September 2011). "Understanding USB 3.0 in Windows 8 | Build2011 | Channel 9". Channel9.MSDN.com . Retrieved 19 January 2014. In 2022, the Radio Equipment Directive 2022/2380 made USB-C compulsory as a mobile phone charging standard from 2024, and for laptops from 2026. [97] Faster-charging standards [ edit ] a b "10 Power Rules", Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery Specification revision3.0, version1.1, USB Implementers Forum, archived from the original on June 1, 2012 , retrieved September 5, 2017 The Chinese technical standard: "YD/T 1591-2006, Technical Requirements and Test Method of Charger and Interface for Mobile Telecommunication Terminal Equipment" (PDF). Dian yuan (in Chinese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2011.
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As with earlier versions of USB, USB 3.0 provides power at 5volts nominal. The available current for low-power (one unit load) SuperSpeed devices is 150mA, an increase from the 100mA defined in USB 2.0. For high-power SuperSpeed devices, the limit is six unit loads or 900mA (4.5 W)—almost twice USB 2.0's 500mA. [12] :section 9.2.5.1 Power Budgeting
Universal Serial Bus 2.0 Specification, Section 7.2.1.4 High-power Bus-powered Functions" (ZIP). usb.org. 27 April 2000. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013 . Retrieved 11 January 2014. The Type-B plug: This plug has a near square cross-section with the top exterior corners beveled. As part of a removable cable, it inserts into an upstream port on a device, such as a printer. On some devices, the Type-B receptacle has no data connections, being used solely for accepting power from the upstream device. This two-connector-type scheme (A/B) prevents a user from accidentally creating a loop. [9] [10]The Micro plug design is rated for at least 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles, which is more than the Mini plug design. [13] [16] The Micro connector is also designed to reduce the mechanical wear on the device; instead, the easier-to-replace cable is designed to bear the mechanical wear of connection and disconnection. The Universal Serial Bus Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification details the mechanical characteristics of Micro-A plugs, Micro-AB receptacles (which accept both Micro-A and Micro-B plugs), Double-Sided Micro USB, and Micro-B plugs and receptacles, [16] along with a Standard-A receptacle to a Micro-A plug adapter.
USB 3.2 Work Is On the Way for the Linux 4.18 Kernel". Phoronix.com. Phoronix . Retrieved 27 May 2018. Europe gets universal cellphone charger in 2010". Wired. June 13, 2009. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010 . Retrieved June 22, 2010. USB 3.1 Legacy Connectors and Cable Assemblies Compliance Document Rev 1.1". USB.org. USB Implementers Forum . Retrieved 27 February 2019. USB cables exist with various combinations of plugs on each end of the cable, as displayed below in the USB cables matrix. USB-IF Compliance Updates". Compliance.usb.org. 1 September 2011. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014 . Retrieved 22 January 2014.As of 14June2007 [update], all new mobile phones applying for a license in China are required to use a USB port as a power port for battery charging. [83] [84] This was the first standard to use the convention of shorting D+ and D− in the charger. [85] OMTP/GSMA Universal Charging Solution [ edit ] Some things are classics for a reason, and USB-A ports are a great example. They've been popular for so long because they're versatile, reliable, and already installed in millions of devices around the world. USB-A technologies like flash drives have been popular for over a decade, and just about everyone uses devices that support them. USB-A also hasn't gone completely without upgrades in its time. The USB 3.0 standard supports Type A connectors and provides transfer speeds that are fast enough for most people's needs. The Wireless Association Announces One Universal Charger Solution to Celebrate Earth Day" (Press release). CTIA. 22 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 December 2010 . Retrieved 22 June 2010. USB 3.2 standard gets new, even more confusing names ahead of its mainstream debut". 27 February 2019. a b c "10 Power Rules", Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery Specification revision3.1, version1.0, USB Implementers Forum , retrieved September 5, 2017
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