Black Sarawak Pepper from Malaysia, 200 g

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In 2009, 94% of urban Sarawak was supplied with electricity, but only 67% of rural areas had electricity. [231] However, this had increased to 91% by 2014. [232] According to a 2015 article, household internet penetration in Sarawak was lower than Malaysian national average, 41.2% versus 58.6%, with 58.5% of internet use being in urban areas and 29.9% in rural areas. In comparison, mobile telecommunication uptake in Sarawak was comparable to the national average, 93.3% against a national average of 94.2%, and on par with neighbouring Sabah. [233] Mobile telecommunication infrastructure, specifically broadcast towers, are built and managed by Sacofa Sdn Bhd (Sacofa Private Limited), which enjoys a monopoly in Sarawak after the company was granted a 20-year exclusivity deal on the provision, maintenance and leasing of towers in the state. [234] The Brooke family, later called the White Rajahs, set about expanding the territory they had been ceded. [55] A few metres off the roadside and we’re surrounded by columns of vibrant green pepper vines. Between 2 and 4 metres high, Alfonso has 475 pepper vines in total, not a lot but enough, he tells us, to support his family. Spotted through the vines, we notice a scattering of banana trees, durian trees, pineapple plants and flashes of red chillies. These are not for sale, they’re planted to keep the ground healthy and of course, to cut down on the weekly grocery bill. The Sarawak state government has enacted several laws to protect its forests and endangered wildlife species. Some of the protected species are the orangutan, green sea turtle, flying lemur, and piping hornbill. Under the Wild Life Protection Ordinance 1998, Sarawak natives are given permissions to hunt for a restricted range of wild animals in the jungles but should not possess more than 5kg (11lb) of meat. [173] The Sarawak Forest Department was established in 1919 to conserve forest resources in the state. [174] Following international criticism of the logging industry in Sarawak, the state government decided to downsize the Sarawak Forest Department and created the Sarawak Forestry Corporation in 1995. [175] [176] The Sarawak Biodiversity Centre was set up in 1997 for the conservation, protection, and sustainable development of biodiversity in the state. [177] Conservation issues [ edit ] A logging camp along the Rajang River On 26 November 2015, it was announced that the Kuching Division district of Serian would become Sarawak's 12th division and it had officiated by Adenan Satem at its formal creation on 11 April 2015. [122]

History for Brunei Darussalam: Sharing our Past. Curriculum Development Department, Ministry of Education. 2009. p.43. ISBN 978-99917-2-372-3. Sarawak is served by a number of airports with Kuching International Airport, located south west of Kuching, being the largest. Flights from Kuching are mainly to Kuala Lumpur but also to Johor Bahru, Penang, Sabah, Kelantan, Singapore and Pontianak, Indonesia. A second airport at Miri serves flights primarily to other Malaysian states as well as services to Singapore. Other smaller airports such as Sibu Airport, Bintulu Airport, Mukah Airport, Marudi Airport, Mulu Airport, and Limbang Airport provide domestic services within Malaysia. There are also a number of remote airstrips serving rural communities in the state. [240] Three airlines serve flights in Sarawak, Malaysia Airlines, Air Asia, and MASwings all of which use Kuching Airport as their main hub. [246] The state owned Hornbill Skyways is an aviation company that largely provides private chartered flights and flight services for public servants. [247] Bintulu International Container Terminal (BICT) at Bintulu seaport My Constitution: Sabah, Sarawak and special interests". Malaysian Bar. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016 . Retrieved 13 November 2015.

The population of 1,389,926 of the Iban people in Sarawak, based on 2022 statistics, makes it the largest ethnic group in the state. [279] The Iban were, in the past, a society that paid particular attention to social status, especially to those who displayed martial prowess as well as to those who demonstrated expertise in various fields such as farming and oratory. Specific terms were used to refer to those who belonged to particular social strata, such as the raja berani (rich and the brave), orang mayuh (ordinary people), and ulun (slaves). [293] Despite modern influences, Iban still observe many of their traditional rituals such as Gawai Antu ( festival of the dead) and Gawai Dayak ( Harvest Festival). [294] The head of state is the Governor, also known as the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, while the head of government is the Premier. Sarawak is divided into administrative divisions and districts, governed by a system that is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and was the earliest state legislature system in Malaysia. Under the Malaysian constitution, Sarawak has greater autonomy than the states in Peninsular Malaysia. So where does pepper really come from? It comes from hot, tropical landscapes. It comes from Subang’s small family farm upriver from Kapit, Sarawak, where pepper prices have dropped so much she is farming less and less. It comes from the Parameswaran family farm in Thiruelly, Kerala, where they have been farming for 35 years and hand harvest just as berries ripen. The answer feels infinite, but ultimately pepper comes from people and communities.

In collaboration with the communities of Rumah Dagum and Rumah Peter, WWF-Malaysia launched a pilot program to equip pepper farmers with the tools to engage in more sustainable practices. “The project empowers farmers to manage their natural resources in an environmentally-friendly manner, and at the same time improve their livelihoods and lifestyles,” said Cynthia Chin, Project Manager for the WWF-Malaysia Sarawak Conservation Programme. The community pepper project fits into a broader WWF-Malaysia and WWF-Indonesia effort called Green Economy in the Heart of Borneo, which encompasses a new generation of conservation projects that integrate social equity with environmental protection in a way that uplifts communities. This project is part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI). The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

More varieties of pepper to try

Mike, Thomson (14 March 2012). "The stabbed governor of Sarawak". BBC News . Retrieved 3 November 2015. Tawie, Joseph (9 January 2013). "SNAP faces more resignations over BN move". Free Malaysia Today. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015 . Retrieved 19 June 2014. The English ship Dido off the coast of Sarawak, Borneo, 1843, by George Hawkins the Younger (1819-1852). Photograph: De Agostini Picture Library/De Agostini/Getty Images Electricity in Sarawak, supplied by the state-owned Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB), [204] is primarily sourced from traditional coal fired power plants and thermal power stations using LNG, [204] [205] but diesel based sources and hydroelectricity are also utilised. There are 3 hydroelectric dams as of 2015 [update] at Batang Ai, [206] Bakun, [207] and Murum, [208] with several others under construction. [206] In early 2016, SEB signed Malaysia's first energy export deal to supply electricity to neighbouring West Kalimantan in Indonesia. [209] The total land area of Sarawak is nearly 124,450km 2 (48,050sqmi), [7] making up 37.5 per cent of the total area of Malaysia, and lies between the northern latitudes 0° 50′ and 5° and eastern longitudes 109° 36′ and 115° 40′ E. [137] Its 750km (470mi) of coastline is interrupted in the north by about 150km (93mi) of Bruneian coast. [138] A total of its 45.5km (28.3mi) coastline have been eroding. [139] In 1961, Sarawak including neighbouring Sabah, which had been included in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) through the participation of the United Kingdom, became joint associate members of the IMO. [140] Sarawak is separated from Kalimantan Borneo by ranges of high hills and mountains that are part of the central mountain range of Borneo. These become loftier to the north, and are highest near the source of the Baram River at the steep Mount Batu Lawi and Mount Mulu. Mount Murud is the highest point in Sarawak. [138]

a b "Niah National Park – Early Human settlements". Sarawak Forestry. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015 . Retrieved 23 March 2015. BBC.com's World's Table "smashes the kitchen ceiling" by changing the way the world thinks about food, through the past, present and future. A number of international films, documentaries, television series had made Sarawak as a principal photography location, with Farewell to the King (1989), The Sleeping Dictionary (2003), and Edge of the World (2021) being most notable. [346] [347] Amongst the first locally produced movies were the Iban language film named "Bejalai" that was featured in the Berlin Film Festival in 1989 and the horror film named "Possessed" screened in 2006. [346] Holidays and festivals [ edit ]

Saraspice–More than a Condiment

Rozan Yunos (28 December 2008). "Sultan Tengah — Sarawak's first Sultan". The Brunei Times. Archived from the original on 3 April 2014 . Retrieved 3 April 2014. Rainsford, Keith Carr. "Surrender to Major-General Wootten at Labuan". Australian War Memorial . Retrieved 3 November 2015. Subnational Human Development Index (2.1) [Sarawak – Malaysia]". Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, Radboud University . Retrieved 12 November 2018. Some conventional peppercorn farming practices have been found to degrade soil quality, erode the landscape, and pollute the water. These ecological impacts aren’t just bad for nature -- they hurt people, too. The default pepper farming system incentivizes deforestation in the surrounding tropical rainforest, an ecosystem not only essential for the wellbeing of the community but also a haven for endangered species and a critical bulwark against the climate crisis. The solution