On Virtue Ethics

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Alvaro, C. (2017b). Veganism as a Virtue: How compassion and fairness show us what is virtuous about veganism. Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture, and Society, 5(2), 16–26. Aged 84, passed away peacefully on Friday 3rd June 2022 at Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham. She is survived by her loving children Anne, Helen and Mark. Funeral service will be at Gedling Crematorium on Thursday 30th June at 2.00 pm Rest in peace Mum XXX Family flowers only. Donations to The British Heart Foundation may be sent c/o Harrod House Church Street Carlton NG4 1BJ 0115 961 6180 www.lymn.co.uk Raising objections to other normative theories and defining itself in opposition to the claims of others, was the first stage in the development of virtue ethics. Virtue ethicists then took up the challenge of developing full fledged accounts of virtue that could stand on their own merits rather than simply criticize consequentialism and deontology. These accounts have been predominantly influenced by the Aristotelian understanding of virtue. While some virtue ethics take inspiration from Plato’s, the Stoics’, Aquinas’, Hume’s and Nietzsche’s accounts of virtue and ethics, Aristotelian conceptions of virtue ethics still dominate the field. There are three main strands of development for virtue ethics: Eudaimonism, agent-based theories and the ethics of care. a. Eudaimonism Lipscomb, Benjamin J.B. (2022). The Women Are Up to Something: How Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, Mary Midgley, and Iris Murdoch Revolutionized Ethics The Women Are Up to Something: How Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, Mary Midgley, and Iris Murdoch Revolutionized Ethics. Oxford University Press. pp.171–199. ISBN 978-0197541074. Davis, S. (2003). The least harm principle may require that humans consume a diet containing large herbivores, not a vegan diet. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 16, 387–394.

Another distinguishing feature of virtue ethics is that character traits are stable, fixed, and reliable dispositions. If an agent possesses the character trait of kindness, we would expect him or her to act kindly in all sorts of situations, towards all kinds of people, and over a long period of time, even when it is difficult to do so. A person with a certain character can be relied upon to act consistently over a time. List, C. (2013). Hunting, fishing, and environmental virtue: Reconnecting sportsmanship and conservation. Corvalis: Oregon State University Press. Hsiao, T. (2015). In defense of eating meat. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 28(2), 277–291.Jenny) Passed away peacefully on 4th June 2022 aged 82 years. Now at rest. Jenny will be fondly remembered by her loving children, Melinda (Lindi) and Paul and sister, Liz The funeral service will be held at Bramcote Crematorium (Reflection Chapel) on Monday 27th June at 3.30 pm. Flowers are welcome or, if desired, donations in memory of Jenny are being collected for Alzheimer's Research UK. All enquiries to The Co-operative Funeralcare, Chilwell. Tel 0115 697 2826. Co-operative Funeralcare, 404 High Road, Chilwell, NG9 5EG Joe) Passed away peacefully on Monday 30th May, aged 81 years. Reunited with mother, father and brother Dennis. A dearly loved dad to Denise and Susan and father-in-law to Martin and Jay, treasured grandad to 5 and great-grandad to 7. Funeral service to take place at Gedling Crematorium on Friday 15th July at 1.00pm. Family flowers only by request, but donations if so desired will be greatly received for Cancer Research UK. All further enquiries c/o Arnold Co-op Funeralcare, 36, High Street, Arnold, NG5 7DZ. Tel: 0115 920 0150 I now feel at all times that what is being suggested is sensible and well considered and that I am never being pressurised to get involved in some dubious venture.

Slote, Michael (2010). "Hursthouse, Rosalind". In Graham, Oppy; Trakakis, N.N. (eds.). A Companion to Philosophy in Australia & New Zealand (PDF) (Webed.). Monash University Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9806512-1-8 . Retrieved 18 September 2011. Hursthouse is best known as a virtue ethicist, and most of her work, both theoretical and applied, has exemplified that approach. Lott, M. (2014). Why be a good human being? Natural goodness, reason, and the authority of human nature. Philosophia, 42(3), 761–777. Throughout the process Holly kept me up to date with progress and responded to any questions I had. Hursthouse, R. (2012). Human nature and Aristotelian virtue ethics. In C. Sandis & M. J. Cain (Eds.), Human nature (Royal Institute of Philosophy supplement) (Vol. 70, pp. 169–188). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. a b Team, Flagstaff (5 September 2018). "Interview: philosopher Rosalind Hursthouse". The Devonport Flagstaff . Retrieved 30 August 2023.In 1966, Hursthouse (as Rosalind Mary Hursthouse) went up to the University of Oxford to read for the BPhil (1968) on a postgraduate scholarship, [8] going on to read for the DPhil (1974) at Somerville College while working as Stipendiary Lecturer in Philosophy at Corpus Christi College, making her the first woman to teach at an all men’s college in Oxford. [9] [10] [11] The prospects for survival (and escaping serious impairments) have improved very little for extremely premature neonates since Hursthouse wrote her book in 1987. The Nuffield Council on Bioethics in its Critical Care Decisions in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, pp. 154–155 ( 2006) recommends that neonates born at 25 weeks or above be given intensive care because of their relatively high survival rate and relatively low risk of serious disabilities. Neonates born between 24 weeks and 24 weeks and 6 days should normally be given life support except when the parents and the pediatrician agree that the particular infant’s condition makes it very unlikely that s/he will benefit from treatment. However, initiation of intensive care for neonates born under 24 weeks is generally considered problematic. The council recommends that the decision whether or not to initiate intensive care for neonates born between 23 weeks and 23 weeks and 6 days be made based on the agreement of a pediatrician, who has assessed the individual infant’s condition, and the desires of the parents. They further recommend that, in light of the dismal prospects, neonates born between 22 weeks and 22 weeks and 6 days should rarely be given intensive care (i.e., only when the parents are insistent after being relevantly informed). Those born below 22 weeks should not be given intensive care except as subjects of experimental research (since they almost certainly will not benefit). Hence, it is still reasonable to set the threshold of viability at 24 weeks. Prior to 24 weeks the prospects for benefitting from treatment are such that life-support is not recommended as standard practice. I was nearing retirement and had a number of pension pots but didn't need to start taking a pension from all of them so didn't want to convert them to annuities. I wanted advice on how best to proceed under the new rules in a way that gave me the ability to access the money but if not required to be able to pass on to my dependents on my death. US Department of Health and Human Services. (2015). Dietary guidelines 2015–2020. https://health.gov/our-work/food-nutrition/2015-2020-dietary-guidelines/guidelines/chapter-1/a-closer-look-inside-healthy-eating-patterns/#callout-meat-poultry. Prato, E., Biandolino, F., Parlapiano, I., Giandomenico, S., Denti, G., Calò, M., Spada, L., & Di Leo, A. (2019). Proximate, fatty acids and metals in edible marine bivalves from Italian market: Beneficial and risk for consumers health. Science of the Total Environment, 648, 153–163.

Cox, C. (2010). Consider the oyster. Slate. https://slate.com/human.interest/2010/04/it-s-ok-for-vegansto-eat-oysters.html. Accessed 7 Apr 2019 Nellemann, C., Miles, L., Kaltenborn, B. P., Virtue, M., & Ahlenius, H. (Eds). (2007). The last stand of the orangutan—State of emergency: Illegal logging, fire and palm oil in Indonesia’s national parks. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arenda­l, Norway. Smart, J.J.C., and Bernard Williams. 1973. Utilitarianism for and against. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Another account is given by perfectionists such as Thomas Hurka, who derive the virtues from the characteristics that most fully develop our essential properties as human beings. Individuals are judged against a standard of perfection that reflects very rare or ideal levels of human achievement. The virtues realize our capacity for rationality and therefore contribute to our well-being and perfection in that sense. b. Agent-Based Accounts of Virtue Ethics After the meeting, I was kept regularly updated by Holly who also answered any questions I had until my pension was finalised.Not all accounts of virtue ethics are eudaimonist. Michael Slote has developed an account of virtue based on our common-sense intuitions about which character traits are admirable. Slote makes a distinction between agent-focused and agent-based theories. Agent-focused theories understand the moral life in terms of what it is to be a virtuous individual, where the virtues are inner dispositions. Aristotelian theory is an example of an agent-focused theory. By contrast, agent-based theories are more radical in that their evaluation of actions is dependent on ethical judgments about the inner life of the agents who perform those actions. There are a variety of human traits that we find admirable, such as benevolence, kindness, compassion, etc. and we can identify these by looking at the people we admire, our moral exemplars. c. The Ethics of Care Modern virtue ethics takes its inspiration from the Aristotelian understanding of character and virtue. Aristotelian character is, importantly, about a state of being. It’s about having the appropriate inner states. For example, the virtue of kindness involves the right sort of emotions and inner states with respect to our feelings towards others. Character is also about doing. Aristotelian theory is a theory of action, since having the virtuous inner dispositions will also involve being moved to act in accordance with them. Realizing that kindness is the appropriate response to a situation and feeling appropriately kindly disposed will also lead to a corresponding attempt to act kindly. Hursthouse, R. (2009). Environmental virtue ethics. In R. Walker & P. Ivanhoe (Eds.), Working virtue: Virtue ethics and contemporary moral problems (pp. 155–172). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hursthouse, R. (1995). Applying virtue ethics. In R. Hursthouse, G. Lawrence, & W. Quinn (Eds.), Virtues and reasons. Philippa Foot and moral theory (pp. 57–75). Oxford: Clarendon.