Plantworks Ltd RG360 Empathy RHS Endorsed Rootgrow Mycorrhizal Fungi ,White,360g

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Terrer, C. et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO 2 fertilization of global plant biomass. Nat. Clim. Change 9, 684–689 (2019). Better uptake of fertilisers when applied 4-6 weeks after planting. (The network of mycorrhizal fungi act like a net catching nutrients and preventing leaching, especially with natural fertilisers)

Kumar B, Smita K, Cumbal Flores L (2017) Plant mediated detoxification of mercury and lead. Arab J Chem 10:S2335–S2342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.08.010 Mycorrhizal fungi are a remarkable group of organisms that have been benefiting plants for at least 500 million years. At the dawn of time when plants were just beginning to colonise our planet mycorrhizal fungi were there living in a symbiotic relationship with plants enabling them to extract nutrients and hold onto water in very difficult soil conditions. In effect, the fungus provides a secondary root system, a system that is considerably more efficient and extensive than the plants own root system. Nadelhoffer, K. J. et al. Nitrogen deposition makes a minor contribution to carbon sequestration in temperate forests. Nature 398, 145–148 (1999). Deng, Q. et al. Responses of terrestrial ecosystem phosphorus cycling to nitrogen addition: a meta-analysis. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 26, 713–728 (2017).You et al. ( 2022) found that Cd uptake by P. australis is facilitated by different transporters, depending on the concentration of P in the substrate. Under low and medium P levels, Funneliformis mosseae upregulated the expression of ZIP genes, which facilitated Cd uptake. However, at high P levels, F. mosseae upregulated the expression of NRAMP genes, resulting in increased Cd uptake. These results underscore the interference of soil P in Cd uptake by plants. Furthermore, the regulation of Cd transporters via AM fungi is dependent on the specific fungal species. For instance, rice inoculated with R. intraradices exhibited reduced expression of NRAMP5 and HMA3 genes in roots, which prevented Cd uptake. Conversely, the expression of these genes in roots was increased when inoculated with F. mosseae (Chen et al. 2019). Similarly, in Solanum nigrum inoculated with R. intraradices, there was a reduction in Cd concentration in shoots. In contrast, Cd translocation was increased when inoculated with F. mosseae (Li et al. 2018). Motaharpoor et al. ( 2019) confirmed the downregulation of the NRAMP1 gene in M. sativa when inoculated with R. intraradices, resulting in reduced Cd concentration in shoots. AM fungi-facilitated Hg remediation: knowledge and perspectives Zhang H, Zhao S, Li D, Xu X, Li C (2017) Genome-wide analysis of the ZRT, IRT-Like protein (ZIP) family and their responses to metal stress in populus trichocarpa. Plant Mol Biol Report 35:534–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-017-1042-2 However, the specific mechanisms of Hg uptake by plants remain largely unknown, highlighting a significant knowledge gap (Fig. 1b, c). Along with Cd, Hg belongs to the same group of elements in the periodic table (12/2B) as Zn and shares the same outer electronic configuration with Zn, suggesting the possibility of utilizing the same transporters for uptake. A recent study showed that root Hg concentration is negatively correlated with root Zn concentration (Guo et al. 2023). Tiodar et al. ( 2021) suggested that transporters that facilitate the influx of Cd may also facilitate the uptake of Hg. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of the uptake of chemically related elements, such as Zn and Cd, which are also the most studied elements in phytoremediation (Yang et al. 2022a, b), can provide important insights into Hg remediation mechanisms and facilitate the prospective application of Hg phytoremediation. González-Guerrero M, Azcón-Aguilar C, Mooney M, Valderas A, MacDiarmid CW, Eide DJ, Ferrol N (2005) Characterization of a Glomus intraradices gene encoding a putative Zn transporter of the cation diffusion facilitator family. Fungal Genet Biol 42:130–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2004.10.007

Treseder, K. K. & Allen, M. F. Mycorrhizal fungi have a potential role in soil carbon storage under elevated CO 2 and nitrogen deposition. N. Phytol. 147, 189–200 (2000). Vargas Aguirre CF, Rivera Páez FA, Escobar Vargas S (2018) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae and mercury on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) seedling morpho—histology. Environ Exp Bot 156:197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.09.005 Song Y, Jin L, Wang X (2017) Cadmium absorption and transportation pathways in plants. Int J Phytorem 19:133–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2016.1207598 Brundrett, M. C. & Tedersoo, L. Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity. N. Phytol. 220, 1108–1115 (2018). Sabour MR, Zarrabi H, Hajbabaie M (2023) A systematic analysis of research trends on the utilization of life cycle assessment in pharmaceutical applications. Int J Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05103-4When planted with rootgrow it takes 2-4 weeks under normal conditions for the fungi to start benefiting plants. In that time they attach themselves to the plant’s root system and grow out rapidly into the soil, searching for nutrients and water. They essentially become part of the plant’s own root system. Pellitier, P. T. & Zak, D. R. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and the enzymatic liberation of nitrogen from soil organic matter: why evolutionary history matters. N. Phytol. 217, 68–73 (2018).

Zahir F, Rizwi SJ, Haq SK, Khan RH (2005) Low dose mercury toxicity and human health. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 20:351–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2005.03.007 Gundale, M. J. et al. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in boreal forests has a minor impact on the global carbon cycle. Glob. Change Biol. 20, 276–286 (2014).Watts-Williams SJ, Tyerman SD, Cavagnaro TR (2017) The dual benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under soil zinc deficiency and toxicity: linking plant physiology and gene expression. Plant Soil 420:375–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3409-4 Li H, Li X, Xiang L, Zhao HM, Li YW, Cai QY, Zhu L, Mo CH, Wong MH (2018) Phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with Cd and BDE-209 using hyperaccumulator enhanced by AM fungi and surfactant. Sci Total Environ 613–614:447–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.066