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Guru Gobind Singh ( Punjabi pronunciation: [gʊɾuː goːbɪn̪d̪ᵊ sɪ́ŋgᵊ]; born Gobind Das; [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [a] 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708) [1] [19] was the tenth and last human Sikh Guru. [20] [b] He was a warrior, poet, and philosopher. In 1675, at the age of nine he was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs after his father Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Emperor Aurangzeb. [20] [c] His four biological sons died during his lifetime – two in battle and two executed by the Mughal governor Wazir Khan. [26] [27] [28] Malhotra, Anshu; Mir, Farina (21 February 2012). Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture, and Practice. Oxford University Press. p.135. ISBN 978-0-19-908877-5. Cole, W. Owen; Sambhi, Piara Singh (1978). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 38–39. ISBN 0-7100-8842-6. Cole, W. Owen (26 August 2004). Understanding Sikhism. Dunedin Academic Press Ltd. p.68. ISBN 978-1-906716-91-2. Guru Gobind Singh's name was Gobind Das or sometimes said to be Gobind Rai, but from the founding of the Khalsa he is known to be Guru Gobind Singh. Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh (2012). Birth of the Khalsa, The: A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity. State University of New York Press. pp.26–28. ISBN 978-0-7914-8266-7.

Herself a painter, she also showed the portraits made by her father of Guru Nanak Dev ji, Guru Gobind Singh ji, Bhagat Singh, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Dr Rajendra Prasad and most distinguished one being of his own. Yet the triumph could not have seemed complete. Not all the insults that their enemies had invented could rob the teacher and his followers of his dignity. Without any sign of dejection or shame, they rode on, calm, cheerful, even anxious to die the death of martyrs. Life was promised to any who would renounce their faith, but they would not prove false to their Guru, and at the place of suffering their constancy was wonderful to look at. 'Me deliverer, kill me first,' was the prayer which constantly rang in the ears of the executioner." Khafi Khan's narration In a few days, the Guru held a darbar and on 3 September 1708 1, baptised Madho Das with Khanda di pahal and conferred the title of Banda Singh Bahadur on him. He appointed him as his military lieutenant and invested him with full political and military authority as his deputy to lead the campaign in the Punjab against the evil Mughal administration and to punish Nawab Wazir Khan and his supporters.Sir Lepel Henry Griffin (1898). Ranjit Síngh and the Sikh Barrier Between Our Growing Empire and Central Asia. Oxford University Press. pp. 55–56. Bhatia, Banjot Kaur (4 January 2014). "Takhat Saheb set for prakashotsav". The Times of India . Retrieved 2 January 2020. He has promised and proclaimed: "I do not oppress the Muslims." Any muslim who approaches him, he fixes a daily allowance and wage, and looks after him. He has permitted them to recite khutba and namaz. As such five thousand Muslim have gathered round him.

Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). The encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Vol.4. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp.463–464. ISBN 9788173805301. Dhavan, P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799. Oxford University Press. pp.3–4. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1. a b "BBC Religions – Sikhism". BBC. 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. The Khalsa were engaged in a prolonged fight against the cruel Mughals, who were practising their tyranny and terrorism. His confrontation with the Mughal administration in Northern India, though brief, was strong and vigorous enough to shake the foundations of this evil empire. Fenech, Louis E.; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p.79. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.

Mehta, Mona (19 January 2012). "The tenth Guru was born here". The Times of India . Retrieved 8 February 2021. Carrying forward the legacy of her father, Gurcharan Kaur, daughter of renowned painter Sobha Singh, plans to set up a museum to preserve and showcase her father’s personal belongings within the complex of Sobha Singh Art Gallery at Andretta, 12 km from here.

It was found by Guru Nanak in the 15th century with the aim to bring Hindus and the Muslim occupants closer to each other. They did not succeed in fulfilling this dream and after falling victims of cruel raids by the Moghuls, their 17th-century head, Guru Gobind Singh converted them into a martial community, prescribing – among other changes – to wear 5 signs to make Sikhs easily distinguishable by the enemies, forcing them this quite strange way to be always ready, always fit to fight and win. All of them got common “family name”, Singh, meaning lionhearted and the five signs are: unshorn hair (under turban), comb, steel bracelet, sword and shorts. Guru Gobind Singh's four sons, also referred to as Chaar Sahibzaade (the four princes), were killed during his lifetime – the elder two in a battle with Mughals, and the younger two executed by the Mughal governor of Sirhind. [26] The Guru and his two elder sons had escaped the siege of Anandpur in December 1704 and reached Chamkaur, but they were pursued by a large Mughal army. [128] In the ensuing battle, Guru's elder sons, also called the 'Vaade Sahibzaade' fought bravely, but the Mughal army was much larger and well equipped. [129]

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On Next morning, people from all over came to watch guru ji as on that day guru sahib was leaving his heavenly abode. People of every class came for darshan of guru gobind singh. It was a huge crowd, guru Sahib gave darshan to all in his roop.

The agrarian uprising that he led in the Punjab was the underpinning on which the Dal Khalsa, the Sikh Misls and Maharaja Ranjit Singh built the edifice which finally culminated with Ranjit Singh capturing Lahore in 1799 and establishing the Sikh Kingdom of the Punjab. This resulted in the end of a dark period in the history of India.However humiliating their plight, there were no signs of dejection or remorse on the faces of these Sikhs. In the words of Mohammed Harisi, author of the Ibratnama, who was on the spot that day: "The crowds were pressing forward to get a better view. Many were enjoying the sight and taking hilarious jibes at them. But nothing changed the air of calm and resignation on the faces of those Sikhs. There were no signs of bitterness or dejection anywhere. The Guru commanded the Sikhs to wear five items all the time which included Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (a comb made of wood), Kara (a bracelet made of iron), Kachera (a tieable undergarment made of 100% cotton) and Kirpan (a large iron dagger for self-defense). A code of discipline was introduced by him for the Khalsa warriors. These included prohibition of tobacco, eating ‘halal’ meat that is slaughtered as per Muslim ritual, fornication and adultery. The Khalsas consented never to communicate with followers of the rivals or their successors. The principle of equality was institutionalised in Sikhism with initiation of both men and women from different castes as Khalsas. The Guru played an instrumental role by institutionalising Khalsa in Sikhism thus strengthening the Sikhs in their resistance on the continuous persecution of the Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb. He came up with different concepts that posed indirect challenge to the biased tax system of the Islamic authorities. After the creation of the Khalsa the Hill Rajas, who had previously lost in battle to Guru Gobind Singh, sent a petition to Delhi requesting they act immediately and join them in battle against the Guru.l [91] If you want to be kind to a Sikh, call him Sardarji"...excuse me ?!?!?!?!...a Sikh is always called Sardarji. They do not beg for respect and kindness as it comes from those non-Sikhs who know Sikh history and have a good knowledge of Sikhism.