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Lin, Shen-yu (2005). "The Tibetan Image of Confucius" (PDF). Revue d'Études Tibétaines (12): 105–129. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2017. Riegel, Jeffrey (2012). "Confucius". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02 . Retrieved 2012-03-25. Famous descendants include actors such as Gong Yoo (real name Gong Ji-cheol (공지철)) and Gong Hyo-jin (공효진); and artists such as male idol group B1A4 member Gongchan (real name Gong Chan-sik (공찬식)), singer-songwriter Minzy (real name Gong Min-ji (공민지)), as well as her great aunt, traditional folk dancer Gong Ok-jin [ ko] (공옥진).
Often overlooked in Confucian ethics are the virtues to the self: sincerity and the cultivation of knowledge. Virtuous action towards others begins with virtuous and sincere thought, which begins with knowledge. A virtuous disposition without knowledge is susceptible to corruption, and virtuous action without sincerity is not true righteousness. Cultivating knowledge and sincerity is also important for one's own sake; the superior person loves learning for the sake of learning and righteousness for the sake of righteousness. [ citation needed] Confucius's family, the Kongs, have the longest recorded extant pedigree in the world today. The father-to-son family tree, now in its 83rd generation, [116] has been recorded since the death of Confucius. According to the Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee (CGCC), he has two million known and registered descendants, and there are an estimated three million in all. [117] Of these, several tens of thousands live outside of China. [117] In the 14th century, a Kong descendant went to Korea, where an estimated 34,000 descendants of Confucius live today. [117] One of the main lineages fled from the Kong ancestral home in Qufu during the Chinese Civil War in the 1940s and eventually settled in Taiwan. [114] There are also branches of the Kong family who have converted to Islam after marrying Muslim women, in Dachuan in Gansu province in the 1800s, [118] and in 1715 in Xuanwei in Yunnan province. [119] Many of the Muslim Confucius descendants are descended from the marriage of Ma Jiaga ( 馬甲尕), a Muslim woman, and Kong Yanrong ( 孔彥嶸), 59th generation descendant of Confucius in the year 1480, and are found among the Hui and Dongxiang peoples. [120] [121] [122] [123] The new genealogy includes the Muslims. [124] Kong Dejun ( 孔德軍) is a prominent Islamic scholar and Arabist from Qinghai province and a 77th generation descendant of Confucius.The works of Confucius were first translated into European languages by Jesuit missionaries in the 16th century during the late Ming dynasty. The first known effort was by Michele Ruggieri, who returned to Italy in 1588 and carried on his translations while residing in Salerno. Matteo Ricci started to report on the thoughts of Confucius, and a team of Jesuits— Prospero Intorcetta, Philippe Couplet, and two others—published a translation of several Confucian works and an overview of Chinese history in Paris in 1687. [54] [55] François Noël, after failing to persuade Clement XI that Chinese veneration of ancestors and Confucius did not constitute idolatry, completed the Confucian canon at Prague in 1711, with more scholarly treatments of the other works and the first translation of the collected works of Mencius. [56] It is thought that such works had considerable importance on European thinkers of the period, particularly among the Deists and other philosophical groups of the Enlightenment who were interested by the integration of the system of morality of Confucius into Western civilization. [55] [57] The influence of Confucius has been observed on multiple Western thinkers, including Niels Bohr, [73] [74] [75] Benjamin Franklin, [76] [77] [78] Allen Ginsberg, [79] [80] [81] Thomas Jefferson, [82] [83] [84] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Robert Cummings Neville, Alexander Pope, [85] [86] Ezra Pound, François Quesnay, Friedrich Schiller, [87] [88] [89] Voltaire, [90] [91] [92] and Christian Wolff. Confucius influenced America's founding fathers: scholar". 2017-09-26. Archived from the original on 2021-08-09 . Retrieved 2021-04-12. Danton, George (November 1943). "Schiller and Confucius". The German Quarterly. 16 (4): 173–182. doi: 10.2307/400763. JSTOR 400763. Archived from the original on 2021-08-09 . Retrieved 2021-04-12. Wilson, Thomas A. "Cult of Confucius". academics.hamilton.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-03-18 . Retrieved 2016-05-03.
Feng, Dong (December 2008). "The Great Harmony: An Essay on Man and Confucianism" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-11 . Retrieved 2021-04-11. Confucius's political thought is based upon his ethical thought. He argued that the best government is one that rules through "rites" ( lǐ) and people's natural morality, and not by using bribery and coercion. He explained that this is one of the most important analects: "If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of the shame, and moreover will become good." ( Analects 2.3, tr. Legge). This "sense of shame" is an internalisation of duty, where the punishment precedes the evil action, instead of following it in the form of laws as in Legalism. [ citation needed] Ssu-ma Ch'ien (1974). Records of the Historian. Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang, trans. Hong Kong: Commercial Press. Despite repeated dynastic change in China, the title of Duke Yansheng was bestowed upon successive generations of descendants until it was abolished by the Nationalist government in 1935. The last holder of the title, Kung Te-cheng of the 77th generation, was appointed Sacrificial Official to Confucius. Kung Te-cheng died in October 2008, and his son, Kung Wei-yi, the 78th lineal descendant, died in 1989. Kung Te-cheng's grandson, Kung Tsui-chang, the 79th lineal descendant, was born in 1975; his great-grandson, Kung Yu-jen, the 80th lineal descendant, was born in Taipei on January 1, 2006. Te-cheng's sister, Kong Demao, lives in mainland China and has written a book about her experiences growing up at the family estate in Qufu. Another sister, Kong Deqi, died as a young woman. [114] Many descendants of Confucius still live in Qufu today. The 2200 w professional hair dryer is a practical tool for use when dry hair is already chronicles winner, with its negative ionic technology, 2200 w professional hair dryer is can keep your hair wanting healthy and dry. With so many features, the 2200 w is one of the best hair dryers on the market.
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Among Tibetans, Confucius is often worshipped as a holy king and master of magic, divination and astrology. Tibetan Buddhists see him as learning divination from the Buddha Manjushri (and that knowledge subsequently reaching Tibet through Princess Wencheng), while Bon practitioners see him as being a reincarnation of Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche, the legendary founder of Bon. [58] Hutton, Eric L. (11 June 2019) [26 May 2016]. "Confucius". Oxford Bibliographies: Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/OBO/9780195396577-0290. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022 . Retrieved 8 March 2022. (subscription required)
Confucius Family Tree to Record Female Kin". China Daily. 2 February 2007. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013 . Retrieved 30 May 2009. Qiu, Jane (13 August 2008). "Inheriting Confucius". Seed Magazine. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009 . Retrieved 31 May 2009. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link) Confucius Anniversary Celebrated". China Internet Information Center. Archived from the original on 2015-09-14.Holton, Gerald (June 1986). "Niels Bohr and the Integrity of Science: Integrity in science involves not merely the avoidance of dishonorable behavior but also some principles of action that are exemplified in the life and work of Niels Bohr". American Scientist. 74 (3): 237–243. JSTOR 27854096. Archived from the original on 2021-08-09 . Retrieved 2021-04-12. DNA Testing Adopted to Identify Confucius Descendants". China Internet Information Center. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012 . Retrieved 31 May 2009. According to the Siddhar tradition of Tamil Nadu, Confucius is one of the 18 esteemed Siddhars of yore, and is better known as Kalangi Nathar or Kamalamuni. [60] [61] [62] The Thyagaraja Temple in Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu is home to his Jeeva Samadhi. [63] Bonevac, Daniel; Phillips, Stephen (2009). Introduction to world philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515231-9.
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