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The model of an egg was often used by Chinese astronomers such as Zhang Heng (78–139AD) to describe the heavens as spherical: [54] Sarma, K. V. (2013). Selin, Helaine (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures. Springer Science & Business Media. pp.114–15. ISBN 978-94-017-1416-7. When therefore thou beholdest not a small pebble, but the whole earth borne upon the waters, and not submerged, admire the power of Him who wrought these marvellous things in a supernatural manner! And whence does this appear, that the earth is borne upon the waters? The prophet declares this when he says, 'He hath founded it upon the seas, and prepared it upon the floods.' And again: 'To him who hath founded the earth upon the waters.' What sayest thou? The water is not able to support a small pebble on its surface, and yet bears up the earth, great as it is; and mountains, and hills, and cities, and plants, and men, and brutes; and it is not submerged!" Alexander, Julia (22 March 2019). "Logan Paul's satirical flat Earth doc gets to the heart of YouTube's recommendation issue". The Verge . Retrieved 1 July 2019. A possible non-literary but graphic indication that people in the Middle Ages believed that the Earth (or perhaps the world) was a sphere is the use of the orb ( globus cruciger) in the regalia of many kingdoms and of the Holy Roman Empire. It is attested from the time of the Christian late-Roman emperor Theodosius II (423) throughout the Middle Ages; the Reichsapfel was used in 1191 at the coronation of emperor Henry VI. However the word orbis means "circle", and there is no record of a globe as a representation of the Earth since ancient times in the west until that of Martin Behaim in 1492. Additionally it could well be a representation of the entire "world" or cosmos. [113]
for Proving the Earth is a Globe". Modern Mechanix. 19 May 2006. Archived from the original on 11 April 2011 . Retrieved 9 February 2013. Lindow, J. (2002). Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press, USA. p.253. ISBN 978-0-19-515382-8. The world was a flat disk, with the Earth in the center and the sea all around. Thus the serpent is about as far away from the center, where men and gods livedIn a passage of Zhang Heng's cosmogony not translated by Needham, Zhang himself says: "Heaven takes its body from the Yang, so it is round and in motion. Earth takes its body from the Yin, so it is flat and quiescent". The point of the egg analogy is simply to stress that the Earth is completely enclosed by Heaven, rather than merely covered from above as the Kai Tian describes. Chinese astronomers, many of them brilliant men by any standards, continued to think in flat-Earth terms until the seventeenth century; this surprising fact might be the starting-point for a re-examination of the apparent facility with which the idea of a spherical Earth found acceptance in fifth-century BC Greece. Ragep, F. Jamil (2009). "Astronomy". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. doi: 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22652 . Retrieved July 30, 2022. a b Ambrose, Graham (July 7, 2017). "These Coloradans say Earth is flat. And gravity's a hoax. Now, they're being persecuted". The Denver Post . Retrieved August 19, 2017. How YouTube converted people to flat Earth". BBC News. 18 July 2019. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021 . Retrieved 17 November 2019. a b Marshall, Michael (2 May 2018). "The universe is an egg and the moon isn't real: notes from a Flat Earth conference". The Guardian . Retrieved 16 September 2018.
Early medieval Christian writers in the early Middle Ages felt little urge to assume flatness of the Earth, though they had fuzzy impressions of the writings of Ptolemy and Aristotle, relying more on Pliny. [6] 9th-century Macrobian cosmic diagram showing the sphere of the Earth at the center ( globus terrae) Karen Douglas is professor of social psychology at the University of Kent in the U.K., specializing in the psychology of conspiracy theories. Karen’s research regularly features in the media, and she gives public talks. She is a founding member of an international network of conspiracy theory scholars.
Thales thought that the Earth floated in water like a log. [32] It has been argued, however, that Thales actually believed in a spherical Earth. [33] [34] Anaximander (c. 550BC) believed that the Earth was a short cylinder with a flat, circular top that remained stable because it was the same distance from all things. [35] [36] Anaximenes of Miletus believed that "the Earth is flat and rides on air; in the same way the Sun and the Moon and the other heavenly bodies, which are all fiery, ride the air because of their flatness". [37] Xenophanes of Colophon (c. 500BC) thought that the Earth was flat, with its upper side touching the air, and the lower side extending without limit. [38] Romanische Literaturen I". Institut für Literaturwissenschaft (in German). Universität Stuttgart. n.d . Retrieved April 4, 2022. According to some flat Earthers, the Flat Earth Society is a government-controlled organization whose true purpose is to make ridiculous claims about flat Earth and therefore discredit the flat Earth movement. [43] Decline and relaunch
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